Smart Grids provide many benefits for society. Reliability, observability across the energy distribution system and the exchange of information between devices are just some of the features that make Smart Grids so attractive. One of the main products of a Smart Grid is to data. The amount of data available nowadays increases fast and carries several kinds of information. Smart metres allow engineers to perform multiple measurements and analyse such data. For example, information about consumption, power quality and digital protection, among others, can be extracted. However, the main challenge in extracting information from data arises from the data quality. In fact, many sectors of the society can benefit from such data. Hence, this information needs to be properly stored and readily available. In this chapter, we will address the main concepts involving Technology Information, Data Mining, Big Data and clustering for deploying information on Smart Grids.
標簽： Processing Cities Smart Data
上傳時間： 2020-05-25
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The Internet of Things is considered to be the next big opportunity, and challenge, for the Internet engineering community, users of technology, companies and society as a whole. It involves connecting embedded devices such as sensors, home appliances, weather stations and even toys to Internet Protocol (IP) based networks. The number of IP-enabled embedded devices is increasing rapidly, and although hard to estimate, will surely outnumber the number of personal computers (PCs) and servers in the future. With the advances made over the past decade in microcontroller,low-power radio, battery and microelectronic technology, the trend in the industry is for smart embedded devices (called smart objects) to become IP-enabled, and an integral part of the latest services on the Internet. These services are no longer cyber, just including data created by humans, but are to become very connected to the physical world around us by including sensor data, the monitoring and control of machines, and other kinds of physical context. We call this latest frontier of the Internet, consisting of wireless low-power embedded devices, the Wireless Embedded Internet. Applications that this new frontier of the Internet enable are critical to the sustainability, efficiency and safety of society and include home and building automation, healthcare, energy efficiency, smart grids and environmental monitoring to name just a few.
標簽： Embedded Internet Wireless 6LoWPAN The
上傳時間： 2020-05-26
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The rapid growth in mobile communications has led to an increasing demand for wide- band high data rate communications services. In recent years, Distributed Antenna Systems (DAS) has emerged as a promising candidate for future (beyond 3G or 4G) mobile communications, as illustrated by projects such as FRAMES and FuTURE. The architecture of DAS inherits and develops the concepts of pico- or micro-cell systems, where multiple distributed antennas or access points (AP) are connected to and con- trolled by a central unit.
標簽： Distributed Antenna Systems
上傳時間： 2020-05-27
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Currently, the information and communications technology (ICT) industry sector accounts for about 2–6% of the energy consumption worldwide, and a significant por- tion of this is contributed by the wireless and mobile communications industry. With the proliferation of wireless data applications, wireless technology continues to increase worldwide at an unprecedented growth rate. This has resulted in an increased number of installed base stations and higher demand on power grids and device power usage, causing an increased carbon footprint worldwide.
標簽： Communication Networks Green Radio
上傳時間： 2020-05-27
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Short-range communications is one of the most relevant as well as diversified fields of en- deavour in wireless communications. As such, it has been a subject of intense research and development worldwide, particularly in the last decade. There is no reason to believe that this trend will decline. On the contrary, the rapidly crystallizing vision of a hyper-connected world will certainly strengthen the role of short-range communications in the future. Concepts such as wireless social networks, Internet of things, car communications, home and office network- ing, wireless grids and personal communications heavily rely on short-range communications technology.
標簽： Communications Short-Range Wireless
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
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Applications of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and microfabrica- tion have spread to different fields of engineering and science in recent years. Perhaps the most exciting development in the application of MEMS technol- ogy has occurred in the biological and biomedical areas. In addition to key fluidic components, such as microvalves, pumps, and all kinds of novel sensors that can be used for biological and biomedical analysis and mea- surements, many other types of so-called micro total analysis systems (TAS) have been developed.
標簽： Applications Technologies Bio-MEMS and
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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The mature CMOS fabrication processes are available in many IC foundries. It is cost-effective to leverage the existing CMOS fabrication technologies to implement MEMS devices. On the other hand, the MEMS devices could also add values to the IC industry as the Moore’s law reaching its limit. The CMOS MEMS could play a key role to bridge the gap between the CMOS and MEMS technologies. The CMOS MEMS also offers the advantage of monolithic integration of ICs and micro mechanical components.
標簽： TECHNOLOGY CMOS MEMS KEY
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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For more than three decades, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) have steadily transitioned out of research labs and into production forming a more than $10 billion market [1]. MEMS devices such as accelerometers, pressure sensors and microphones, to name a few, have seen immense utilization, particularly in the consumer electronics market, because of their compact sizes and minute power consumptions. In addition, these devices benefit from batch fabrication, which has enabled year-over-year reductions in cost [2]. In recent years,
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) are miniature systems composed ofintegratedelectricalandmechanicalpartstosenseand/orcontrolthingsonaμmscale. The concept of MEMS is attributed to Richard Feynman’s famous talk on December 29th, 1959 [2,3]. Dr. Feynman foresaw many aspects of future MEMS development with his insight in microphysics. In particular, material properties in the μm scale are differentfrombulkpropertiesandthescalingdownofintegratedcircuits(IC)fabrication technology has been a major driving force of MEMS development.
標簽： Performance High MEMS RF
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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Recent advancements in nanotechnology (NT) materials and growth of micro/ nanotechnology have opened the door for potential applications of microelectro- mechanical systems (MEMS)- and NT-based sensors and devices. Such sensors and devices are best suited for communications, medical diagnosis, commercial, military, aerospace, and satellite applications. This book comes at a time when the future and well-being of Western industrial nations in the twenty-first century’s global eco- nomy increasingly depend on the quality and depth of the technological innovations they can commercialize at a rapid pace.
標簽： MEMS
上傳時間： 2020-06-06
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