產(chǎn)生壞塊的原因是因為NAND Flash的工藝不能保證NAND的Memory Array在其生命周期中保持性能的可靠,所以,在NAND的生產(chǎn)中及使用過程中會產(chǎn)生壞塊。
標(biāo)簽: NAND_Flash
上傳時間: 2013-10-24
上傳用戶:wojiaohs
TLC2543是TI公司的12位串行模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器,使用開關(guān)電容逐次逼近技術(shù)完成A/D轉(zhuǎn)換過程。由于是串行輸入結(jié)構(gòu),能夠節(jié)省51系列單片機I/O資源;且價格適中,分辨率較高,因此在儀器儀表中有較為廣泛的應(yīng)用。 TLC2543的特點 (1)12位分辯率A/D轉(zhuǎn)換器; (2)在工作溫度范圍內(nèi)10μs轉(zhuǎn)換時間; (3)11個模擬輸入通道; (4)3路內(nèi)置自測試方式; (5)采樣率為66kbps; (6)線性誤差±1LSBmax; (7)有轉(zhuǎn)換結(jié)束輸出EOC; (8)具有單、雙極性輸出; (9)可編程的MSB或LSB前導(dǎo); (10)可編程輸出數(shù)據(jù)長度。 TLC2543的引腳排列及說明 TLC2543有兩種封裝形式:DB、DW或N封裝以及FN封裝,這兩種封裝的引腳排列如圖1,引腳說明見表1 TLC2543電路圖和程序欣賞 #include<reg52.h> #include<intrins.h> #define uchar unsigned char #define uint unsigned int sbit clock=P1^0; sbit d_in=P1^1; sbit d_out=P1^2; sbit _cs=P1^3; uchar a1,b1,c1,d1; float sum,sum1; double sum_final1; double sum_final; uchar duan[]={0x3f,0x06,0x5b,0x4f,0x66,0x6d,0x7d,0x07,0x7f,0x6f}; uchar wei[]={0xf7,0xfb,0xfd,0xfe}; void delay(unsigned char b) //50us { unsigned char a; for(;b>0;b--) for(a=22;a>0;a--); } void display(uchar a,uchar b,uchar c,uchar d) { P0=duan[a]|0x80; P2=wei[0]; delay(5); P2=0xff; P0=duan[b]; P2=wei[1]; delay(5); P2=0xff; P0=duan[c]; P2=wei[2]; delay(5); P2=0xff; P0=duan[d]; P2=wei[3]; delay(5); P2=0xff; } uint read(uchar port) { uchar i,al=0,ah=0; unsigned long ad; clock=0; _cs=0; port<<=4; for(i=0;i<4;i++) { d_in=port&0x80; clock=1; clock=0; port<<=1; } d_in=0; for(i=0;i<8;i++) { clock=1; clock=0; } _cs=1; delay(5); _cs=0; for(i=0;i<4;i++) { clock=1; ah<<=1; if(d_out)ah|=0x01; clock=0; } for(i=0;i<8;i++) { clock=1; al<<=1; if(d_out) al|=0x01; clock=0; } _cs=1; ad=(uint)ah; ad<<=8; ad|=al; return(ad); } void main() { uchar j; sum=0;sum1=0; sum_final=0; sum_final1=0; while(1) { for(j=0;j<128;j++) { sum1+=read(1); display(a1,b1,c1,d1); } sum=sum1/128; sum1=0; sum_final1=(sum/4095)*5; sum_final=sum_final1*1000; a1=(int)sum_final/1000; b1=(int)sum_final%1000/100; c1=(int)sum_final%1000%100/10; d1=(int)sum_final%10; display(a1,b1,c1,d1); } }
上傳時間: 2013-11-19
上傳用戶:shen1230
顯卡所處理的信息最終都要輸出到顯示器上,顯卡的輸出接口就是電腦不顯示器之間的橋梁,它負責(zé)向顯示器輸出相應(yīng)的圖像信號。CRT顯示器因為設(shè)計制造上的原因,只能接受模擬信號輸入,這就需要顯卡能輸入模擬信號。VGA接口就是顯卡上輸出模擬信號的接口,VGA(Video Graphics Array)接口,也叫D-Sub接口。雖然液晶顯示器可以直接接收數(shù)字信號,但為了兼容性,大多數(shù)液晶顯示器也配備了VGA接口。 VGA是IBM在1987年隨PS/2機一起推出的一種視頻傳輸標(biāo)準(zhǔn),具有分辨率高、顯示速率快、顏色豐富等優(yōu)點,在彩色顯示器領(lǐng)域得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。目前VGA技術(shù)的應(yīng)用還主要基亍VGA顯示卡的計算機、筆記本等設(shè)備。 根據(jù)分辨率丌同,VGA分為VGA(640x480)、SVGA(800x600)、XGA(1024x768)、SXGA(1280x1024)等。
標(biāo)簽: VGA 驅(qū)動 實現(xiàn)方法
上傳時間: 2013-10-22
上傳用戶:macarco
HIGH SPEED 8051 μC CORE - Pipe-lined Instruction Architecture; Executes 70% of Instructions in 1 or 2 System Clocks - Up to 25MIPS Throughput with 25MHz System Clock - 22 Vectored Interrupt Sources MEMORY - 4352 Bytes Internal Data RAM (256 + 4k) - 64k Bytes In-System Programmable FLASH Program Memory - External Parallel Data Memory Interface – up to 5Mbytes/sec DIGITAL PERIPHERALS - 64 Port I/O; All are 5V tolerant - Hardware SMBusTM (I2CTM Compatible), SPITM, and Two UART Serial Ports Available Concurrently - Programmable 16-bit Counter/Timer Array with 5 Capture/Compare Modules - 5 General Purpose 16-bit Counter/Timers - Dedicated Watch-Dog Timer; Bi-directional Reset CLOCK SOURCES - Internal Programmable Oscillator: 2-to-16MHz - External Oscillator: Crystal, RC, C, or Clock - Real-Time Clock Mode using Timer 3 or PCA SUPPLY VOLTAGE ........................ 2.7V to 3.6V - Typical Operating Current: 10mA @ 25MHz - Multiple Power Saving Sleep and Shutdown Modes 100-Pin TQFP (64-Pin Version Available) Temperature Range: –40°C to +85°C
標(biāo)簽: C8051F020
上傳時間: 2013-10-12
上傳用戶:lalalal
對于瀝青混凝土攤鋪機自動找平控制系統(tǒng)來說,數(shù)字式控制系統(tǒng)的研制是目前的一個方向。介紹了一種基于CAN總線的數(shù)字式自動找平控制系統(tǒng)。該系統(tǒng)以CAN總線作為通信方式,PWM控制信號通過C8051F040單片機內(nèi)部PCA可編程計數(shù)器陣列產(chǎn)生,并具有結(jié)構(gòu)簡單、信號穩(wěn)定、實時性強、易擴展的特點。通過硬件實現(xiàn)和系統(tǒng)運行達到了比較理想的控制效果,驗證了系統(tǒng)的可行性。 Abstract: A digital auto-leveling control system based on CAN Bus is introduced.It uses CAN Bus as the method of communication and creates PWM signals by programmable counter array in C8051F040 microcontroller. The system is simple, stable, real-time and expansive.
標(biāo)簽: CAN 總線 數(shù)字式 控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計
上傳時間: 2013-10-09
上傳用戶:ligi201200
The CAT25128 is a 128−Kb Serial CMOS EEPROM device internally organized as 16Kx8 bits. This features a 64−byte page write buffer and supports the Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) protocol. The device is enabled through a Chip Select (CS) input. In addition, the required bus signals are clock input (SCK), data input (SI) and data output (SO) lines. The HOLD input may be used to pause any serial communication with the CAT25128 device. The device featuressoftware and hardware write protection, including partial as well as full array protection.
標(biāo)簽: 25128 EEPRO CMOS CAT
上傳時間: 2013-11-15
上傳用戶:fklinran
C51 中的關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字 用途 說明auto 存儲種類說明 用以說明局部變量,缺省值為此break 程序語句 退出最內(nèi)層循環(huán)case 程序語句 Switch 語句中的選擇項char 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 單字節(jié)整型數(shù)或字符型數(shù)據(jù)const 存儲類型說明 在程序執(zhí)行過程中不可更改的常量值continue 程序語句 轉(zhuǎn)向下一次循環(huán)default 程序語句 Switch 語句中的失敗選擇項do 程序語句 構(gòu)成do..while 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)double 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 雙精度浮點數(shù)else 程序語句 構(gòu)成if..else 選擇結(jié)構(gòu)enum 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 枚舉extern 存儲種類說明 在其他程序模塊中說明了的全局變量flost 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 單精度浮點數(shù)for 程序語句 構(gòu)成for 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)goto 程序語句 構(gòu)成goto 轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)構(gòu)if 程序語句 構(gòu)成if..else 選擇結(jié)構(gòu)int 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 基本整型數(shù)long 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 長整型數(shù)register 存儲種類說明 使用CPU 內(nèi)部寄存的變量return 程序語句 函數(shù)返回short 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 短整型數(shù)signed 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 有符號數(shù),二進制數(shù)據(jù)的最高位為符號位sizeof 運算符 計算表達式或數(shù)據(jù)類型的字節(jié)數(shù)static 存儲種類說明 靜態(tài)變量struct 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 結(jié)構(gòu)類型數(shù)據(jù)swicth 程序語句 構(gòu)成switch 選擇結(jié)構(gòu)typedef 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 重新進行數(shù)據(jù)類型定義union 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 聯(lián)合類型數(shù)據(jù)unsigned 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 無符號數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)void 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 無類型數(shù)據(jù)volatile 數(shù)據(jù)類型說明 該變量在程序執(zhí)行中可被隱含地改變while 程序語句 構(gòu)成while 和do..while 循環(huán)結(jié)構(gòu)ANSIC 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)關(guān)鍵字關(guān)鍵字 用途 說明bit 位標(biāo)量聲明 聲明一個位標(biāo)量或位類型的函數(shù)sbit 位標(biāo)量聲明 聲明一個可位尋址變量
標(biāo)簽: C51
上傳時間: 2013-10-08
上傳用戶:waves_0801
keil 使用筆記:在Memory窗口上輸入address_type:address才能看到正確地址的變量debug~perfermance analyzer加入要察看的模塊名稱,然后view~perfermance analyzer window 可以察看各個模塊運行時間①Display address_type:address B:Bit address C:Code Memory Bx:Code Bank D D:80H 命令可以查看特殊寄存器 data D I:0 命令可以查看內(nèi)部RAM數(shù)據(jù)iData; D X:0 命令可以查看外部RAM數(shù)據(jù)xData; ②R1 //顯示R1 register ~R1 //顯示變量R1 R1 = R7 //對寄存器Rx操作R1 = --R7 R1 = 0x20 ③main //顯示main()的開始地址d main //顯示main()的代碼④向RAM.ROM中寫數(shù)據(jù)Enter data_type address_type:address expr,expr.... data_type:int char double float long E char data:0x20 1,2,3,4 //向data區(qū)0x20開始的地址寫1,2,3,4 變量放在RAM的30H,要把定義放在main前面!另外特別注意,內(nèi)部RAM通常供C程序存放中間變量等,所以一定要看看編譯后的程序中是否存在存儲單元沖突的情況,比如如果程序中 使用了別的寄存器組的話,08-1FH單元就不能用了unsigned long data i _at_ 0x30
上傳時間: 2013-11-05
上傳用戶:dongqiangqiang
狀態(tài)機設(shè)計:8.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)類型定義語句TYPE語句的用法如下:TYPE 數(shù)據(jù)類型名IS 數(shù)據(jù)類型定義OF 基本數(shù)據(jù)類型;或TYPE 數(shù)據(jù)類型名IS 數(shù)據(jù)類型定義;TYPE st1 IS ARRAY ( 0 TO 15 ) OF STD_LOGIC ;TYPE week IS (sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat) ; 8.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)類型定義語句TYPE m_state IS ( st0,st1,st2,st3,st4,st5 ) ;SIGNAL present_state,next_state : m_state ;TYPE BOOLEAN IS (FALSE,TRUE) ;TYPE my_logic IS ( '1' ,'Z' ,'U' ,'0' ) ;SIGNAL s1 : my_logic ;s1 <= 'Z' ;SUBTYPE 子類型名IS 基本數(shù)據(jù)類型RANGE 約束范圍;SUBTYPE digits IS INTEGER RANGE 0 to 9 ;
標(biāo)簽: 狀態(tài)
上傳時間: 2013-11-05
上傳用戶:nem567397
In this document, the term Ô60xÕ is used to denote a 32-bit microprocessor from the PowerPC architecture family that conforms to the bus interface of the PowerPC 601ª, PowerPC 603ª, or PowerPC 604 microprocessors. Note that this does not include the PowerPC 602ª microprocessor which has a multiplexed address/data bus. 60x processors implement the PowerPC architecture as it is speciÞed for 32-bit addressing, which provides 32-bit effective (logical) addresses, integer data types of 8, 16, and 32 bits,and ßoating-point data types of 32 and 64 bits (single-precision and double-precision).1.1 Overview The MPC106 provides an integrated high-bandwidth, high-performance, TTL-compatible interface between a 60x processor, a secondary (L2) cache or additional (up to four total) 60x processors, the PCI bus,and main memory. This section provides a block diagram showing the major functional units of the 106 and describes brießy how those units interact.Figure 1 shows the major functional units within the 106. Note that this is a conceptual block diagram intended to show the basic features rather than an attempt to show how these features are physically implemented on the device.
標(biāo)簽: Bridge Memory Contr MPC
上傳時間: 2013-10-08
上傳用戶:18711024007
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