狀態(tài)機設(shè)計:8.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)類型定義語句TYPE語句的用法如下：TYPE 數(shù)據(jù)類型名IS 數(shù)據(jù)類型定義OF 基本數(shù)據(jù)類型;或TYPE 數(shù)據(jù)類型名IS 數(shù)據(jù)類型定義;TYPE st1 IS ARRAY ( 0 TO 15 ) OF STD_LOGIC ;TYPE week IS (sun，mon，tue，wed，thu，fri，sat) ; 8.1.1 數(shù)據(jù)類型定義語句TYPE m_state IS ( st0，st1，st2，st3，st4，st5 ) ;SIGNAL present_state，next_state : m_state ;TYPE BOOLEAN IS (FALSE，TRUE) ；TYPE my_logic IS ( '1' ，'Z' ，'U' ，'0' ) ;SIGNAL s1 : my_logic ;s1 <= 'Z' ;SUBTYPE 子類型名IS 基本數(shù)據(jù)類型RANGE 約束范圍;SUBTYPE digits IS INTEGER RANGE 0 to 9 ;
標簽： 狀態(tài)
上傳時間： 2013-11-05
上傳用戶：nem567397
基于PIC單片機的低功耗讀卡器硬件設(shè)計:本文提出了一個完整的基于串口的智能讀卡器子系統(tǒng)設(shè)計方案并將其實現(xiàn)。讀卡器的設(shè)計突出了小型化的要求，全部器件使用貼片封裝。為了減小讀卡器的體積，設(shè)計中還使用了串口竊電的技術(shù)，使用串口信號線直接給讀卡器供電。為此，讀卡器使用了省電的設(shè)計，采用了省電的集成電路，并大膽簡化了許多傳統(tǒng)的設(shè)計電路。關(guān)鍵字： 讀卡器， 單片機， 串口竊電 Abstract： This paper aims to put forward a complete design of Smart IC card reader based onSerial Port and propose the way of realizing it for the purpose of Network Security. SMD isadopted to make Smart IC reader smaller in this design. To reduce the volume of Smart ICreader， Serial Port powered technology is employed to get power from the signal line of Serial Port. For this reason， low-power consumption components are adopted in the design and some traditional designs are simplified to reduce the power consumption.Keywords： Card Reader； Single-chip Computer； Serial Port Powered IC 卡系統(tǒng)保存了加密算法所需要的工作密鑰，供加密算法對網(wǎng)絡(luò)上傳輸?shù)臄?shù)據(jù)加密使用，是整個系統(tǒng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)安全的核心。在IC 卡子系統(tǒng)中，讀卡器是一個重要的部分。它起著管理IC卡、在IC 卡和PC或網(wǎng)絡(luò)計算機間傳遞數(shù)據(jù)的重要作用。本文以一片PIC單片機為核心完成了基于RS232 串口的讀卡器的硬件設(shè)計。
上傳時間： 2014-04-14
上傳用戶：wanghui2438
一種實用的微機自動配料秤系統(tǒng):介紹一種由單片機構(gòu)成的配料秤。敘述了秤的傳感器、變送器、信號的變換、硬件原理、軟件流程以及和DCS 系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成的單回路調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng),此系統(tǒng)可廣泛地應(yīng)用于各行業(yè)的配料控制中。關(guān)鍵詞:配料秤 單片機 單回路調(diào)節(jié)系統(tǒng) DCS 系統(tǒng) Abstract :A proportioning weigher based on single chip computer is introduced. Sensors , transmitters , signal converting , principle of hardware ,software flowchart of proportioning weigher and single loop control system composed with DCS system are emphasized ,this system can be used in proportioning control of various trades extensively.Key Words :Proportioning Weigher ,Single Chip Computer ,Single Loop Control System ,Distributed Control System
上傳時間： 2013-10-12
上傳用戶：zwei41
本章將介紹μ’nSP™系列單片機的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，具體講述SPCE061A單片機在通訊、語音領(lǐng)域里的應(yīng)用，并詳細給出了有關(guān)系統(tǒng)的電路原理圖、程序流程圖以及程序代碼，供讀者參考。 μ’nSP™家族產(chǎn)品具有電源電壓范圍和工作速率范圍較寬、集成度高、性能價格比高以及功耗低等特點，故其有非常廣泛的應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域。μ’nSP™家族系列產(chǎn)品，涵蓋了非常廣泛的應(yīng)用。包括：發(fā)音與語音識別的微控制器（SPCE系列）、通信來電辯識應(yīng)用的微控制器（SPT660x系列）、以及通用型微控制器等等，主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面： 用于數(shù)字信號處理 用于開發(fā)研制便攜式移動終端 用于開發(fā)嵌入式計算機應(yīng)用系統(tǒng) 用于數(shù)字信號處理1． 數(shù)字濾波器 (Digital Filter)數(shù)字濾波器是一種計算處理或算法。借助于此，可以將輸入的一種數(shù)字信號或序列變換為另一種序列輸出。數(shù)字濾波器已被廣泛地應(yīng)用于數(shù)字語音、數(shù)字圖像處理以及模式識別和頻譜分析。數(shù)字信號處理器（DSP，Digital Signal Processor）的作用是通過一系列數(shù)字來表示信號及其信息，并借助數(shù)字計算方法變換和處理這些信號。為了構(gòu)成DSP，必須有一種部件能夠快速地完成兩個數(shù)值的乘法運算并將乘積累加于寄存器。“快速”意味著乘和累加（MAC，Multiply & ACcumulate）較高的運算速度。若以16位數(shù)值進行乘和累加，其結(jié)果應(yīng)為32位。顯然，μ’nSP™的硬件結(jié)構(gòu)與其指令系統(tǒng)的結(jié)合足以構(gòu)成DSP應(yīng)用的硬件MAC單元，因而很適用于一些DSP方面的應(yīng)用。
標簽： nSP 單片機應(yīng)用 開發(fā)技術(shù)
上傳時間： 2014-01-26
上傳用戶：qb1993225
Internal Interrupts are used to respond to asynchronous requests from a certain part of themicrocontroller that needs to be serviced. Each peripheral in the TriCore as well as theBus Control Unit, the Debug Unit, the Peripheral Control Processor (PCP) and the CPUitself can generate an Interrupt Request.So what is an external Interrupt?An external Interrupt is something alike as the internal Interrupt. The difference is that anexternal Interrupt request is caused by an external event. Normally this would be a pulseon Port0 or Port1, but it can be even a signal from the input buffer of the SSC, indicatingthat a service is requested.The User’s Manual does not explain this aspect in detail so this ApNote will explain themost common form of an external Interrupt request. This ApNote will show that there is aneasy way to react on a pulse on Port0 or Port1 and to create with this impulse an InterruptService Request. Later in the second part of the document, you can find hints on how todebounce impulses to enable the use of a simple switch as the input device.Note: You will find additional information on how to setup the Interrupt System in theApNote “First steps through the TriCore Interrupt System” (AP3222xx)1. It would gobeyond the scope of this document to explain this here, but you will find selfexplanatoryexamples later on.
上傳時間： 2013-10-27
上傳用戶：zhangyigenius
All inputs of the C16x family have Schmitt-Trigger input characteristics. These Schmitt-Triggers are intended to always provide proper internal low and high levels, even if anundefined voltage level (between TTL-VIL and TTL-VIH) is externally applied to the pin.The hysteresis of these inputs, however, is very small, and can not be properly used in anapplication to suppress signal noise, and to shape slow rising/falling input transitions.Thus, it must be taken care that rising/falling input signals pass the undefined area of theTTL-specification between VIL and VIH with a sufficient rise/fall time, as generally usualand specified for TTL components (e.g. 74LS series: gates 1V/us, clock inputs 20V/us).The effect of the implemented Schmitt-Trigger is that even if the input signal remains inthe undefined area, well defined low/high levels are generated internally. Note that allinput signals are evaluated at specific sample points (depending on the input and theperipheral function connected to it), at that signal transitions are detected if twoconsecutive samples show different levels. Thus, only the current level of an input signalat these sample points is relevant, that means, the necessary rise/fall times of the inputsignal is only dependant on the sample rate, that is the distance in time between twoconsecutive evaluation time points. If an input signal, for instance, is sampled throughsoftware every 10us, it is irrelevant, which input level would be seen between thesamples. Thus, it would be allowable for the signal to take 10us to pass through theundefined area. Due to the sample rate of 10us, it is assured that only one sample canoccur while the signal is within the undefined area, and no incorrect transition will bedetected. For inputs which are connected to a peripheral function, e.g. capture inputs, thesample rate is determined by the clock cycle of the peripheral unit. In the case of theCAPCOM unit this means a sample rate of 400ns @ 20MHz CPU clock. This requiresinput signals to pass through the undefined area within these 400ns in order to avoidmultiple capture events.
上傳時間： 2014-04-02
上傳用戶：han_zh
The 87C576 includes two separate methods of programming theEPROM array, the traditional modified Quick-Pulse method, and anew On-Board Programming technique (OBP).Quick Pulse programming is a method using a number of devicepins in parallel (see Figure 1) and is the traditional way in which87C51 family members have been programmed. The Quick-Pulsemethod supports the following programming functions:– program USER EPROM– verify USER EPROM– program KEY EPROM– program security bits– verify security bits– read signature bytesThe Quick-Pulse method is quite easily suited to standardprogramming equipment as evidenced by the numerous vendors of87C51 compatible programmers on the market today. Onedisadvantage is that this method is not well suited to programming inthe embedded application because of the large number of signallines that must be isolated from the application. In addition, parallelsignals from a programmer would need to be cabled to theapplication’s circuit board, or the application circuit board wouldneed to have logic built-in to perform the programming functions.These requirements have generally made in-circuit programmingusing the modified Quick Pulse method impractical in almost all87C51 family applications.
上傳時間： 2013-10-21
上傳用戶：xiaozhiqban
//芯片資料請到www.elecfans.com查找 //DS1820 C51 子程序//這里以11.0592M晶體為例，不同的晶體速度可能需要調(diào)整延時的時間//sbit DQ =P2^1;//根據(jù)實際情況定義端口 typedef unsigned char byte;typedef unsigned int word; //延時void delay(word useconds){ for(;useconds>0;useconds--);} //復位byte ow_reset(void){ byte presence; DQ = 0; //pull DQ line low delay(29); // leave it low for 480us DQ = 1; // allow line to return high delay(3); // wait for presence presence = DQ; // get presence signal delay(25); // wait for end of timeslot return(presence); // presence signal returned} // 0=presence, 1 = no part //從 1-wire 總線上讀取一個字節(jié)byte read_byte(void){ byte i; byte value = 0; for (i=8;i>0;i--) { value>>=1; DQ = 0; // pull DQ low to start timeslot DQ = 1; // then return high delay(1); //for (i=0; i<3; i++); if(DQ)value|=0x80; delay(6); // wait for rest of timeslot } return(value);} //向 1-WIRE 總線上寫一個字節(jié)void write_byte(char val){ byte i; for (i=8; i>0; i--) // writes byte, one bit at a time { DQ = 0; // pull DQ low to start timeslot DQ = val&0x01; delay(5); // hold value for remainder of timeslot DQ = 1; val=val/2; } delay(5);} //讀取溫度char Read_Temperature(void){ union{ byte c[2]; int x; }temp; ow_reset(); write_byte(0xCC); // Skip ROM write_byte(0xBE); // Read Scratch Pad temp.c[1]=read_byte(); temp.c[0]=read_byte(); ow_reset(); write_byte(0xCC); //Skip ROM write_byte(0x44); // Start Conversion return temp.x/2;}
上傳時間： 2013-11-03
上傳用戶：hongmo
數(shù)據(jù)處理與控制策略Data Processing & Control Strategy數(shù)字控制器的設(shè)計技術(shù),數(shù)字濾波和數(shù)據(jù)處理,數(shù)控技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),數(shù)字PID控制算法常規(guī)控制方案,先進控制方案,計算機控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計是指在給定系統(tǒng)性能指標的條件下，設(shè)計出控制器的控制規(guī)律和相應(yīng)的數(shù)字控制算法 大多數(shù)計算機控制系統(tǒng)是由處理數(shù)字信號的過程控制計算機和連續(xù)的被控過程組成的數(shù)字信號與連續(xù)信號并存的“混合系統(tǒng)” 數(shù)字控制器的分析和設(shè)計方法數(shù)字控制器的連續(xù)化設(shè)計技術(shù)數(shù)字控制器的離散化設(shè)計技術(shù)
標簽： 數(shù)據(jù)處理 控制策略
上傳時間： 2013-10-30
上傳用戶：yanming8525826
基于多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)的水廠自動監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)設(shè)計Design of MPI Based Automatic Monitoring and Control System in Water Works劉 美 俊(湖南工程學院，湘潭411101)摘要針對水廠工作水泵多、現(xiàn)場離控制站距離遠的特點，提出了一種基于MPI多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)的自動監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計方法，分析了系統(tǒng)的工作原理，介紹了系統(tǒng)中數(shù)據(jù)的采集與處理、主站與從站的通信原理以及系統(tǒng)軟件的設(shè)計。由于這種系統(tǒng)的主、從站PLC之間采用MPI網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信，具有運行可靠、性能價格比高的特點，所以適用于中小規(guī)模水廠的分布式監(jiān)控場合。關(guān)鍵詞多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)主站從站監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)Abstract Ina ccordancew ithth efe atuersof w aterw orks,i. e. ，manyp umpsin o perationa ndth ep umps， farfor mt hec ontrolst ation,th em ethodo fdesigninga na utomati(〕monitoringa ndc ontorlsy stemb asedo nM PIis p resented.Th eo perationalpr incipleo fth esy stemi san alyzed,th ed atac olection,data processing; communication between master station and slave station as wel as design and system software are discussed. Because MPI network communicationis used among master station, slave stations and PLC, the system is reliable and high cost-efective. It is， suitable for smal and mediumsized water works for distrbuted monitoring and control.Keywords MPI Masterst ation Slaves tation Monitoringa ndc ontorlsy stem 自來 水 廠 的自動控制系統(tǒng)一般分為兩大部分，一對組態(tài)硬件要求較高，投資較大。相對而言，MPI網(wǎng)是水源地深水泵的工作控制，一是水廠區(qū)變頻恒壓供絡(luò)速度可達187.5 M bps，通過一級中繼器傳輸距離可水控制，兩部分的實際距離通常都比較遠。某廠水源達Ikm 。根據(jù)水廠的具體情況，確定以MPI方式組地有3臺深井泵給水廠區(qū)的蓄水池供水。水廠區(qū)的成網(wǎng)絡(luò)，主站PLC為S7-300系列的CPU3121FM，從任務(wù)是對水池的水進行消毒處理后，通過加壓泵向管站為S7-200系列的CPU222。這樣既滿足了系統(tǒng)要路恒壓供水。選用Siemens公司的S7系列可編程控求，又相對于Profibus網(wǎng)絡(luò)節(jié)省了三分之一的成本，制器(PLC)和上位機組成實時數(shù)據(jù)采集和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)， 這種分布式監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)具有較高的性能價格比。系統(tǒng)對深水泵進行遠程控制，對供水泵采用變頻器進行恒中PLC的物理層采用RS - 485接口，網(wǎng)絡(luò)延伸選用壓控制以保證整個水廠的電機設(shè)備安全、可靠地運帶防雷保護的中繼器，使系統(tǒng)的安全運行得到了保行。證。MPI網(wǎng)絡(luò)的拓撲結(jié)構(gòu)如圖1所示。1 多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)(NWI)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的組成Sie me ns 公司S7系列PLC通常有MP」多點網(wǎng)絡(luò)與Profibus現(xiàn)場總線網(wǎng)絡(luò)兩種組網(wǎng)方式。Profibus現(xiàn)場總線的應(yīng)用目前較為普遍，通用性較好，它由Profibus一DP, Profibus一FMS, Profibus一PA組成。Profibus - DP型用于分散外設(shè)間的數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，傳輸速率為9.6kbps一12Mbps，主要用于現(xiàn)場控制器與分散1/0之間的通信，可滿足交直流調(diào)速系統(tǒng)快速響應(yīng)的時間要求，特別適合于加工自動化領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用;Profibus - FMS主要解決車間級通信問題，完成中等傳輸速度的循環(huán)或非循環(huán)數(shù)據(jù)交換任務(wù)，適用于紡織、樓宇自動化、可編程控制器、低壓開關(guān)等;Profibus - PA型采用了OSI模型的物理層和數(shù)據(jù)鏈路層，適用于過程自動化的總線類型。
標簽： 多點 網(wǎng)絡(luò) 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計 自動監(jiān)控
上傳時間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：fac1003
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