This design uses Common-Emitter Amplifier (Class A) with 2N3904 Bipolar Junction Transistor.
Use “Voltage Divider Biasing” to reduce the effects of varying β (= ic / ib) (by holding the Base voltage constant)
Base Voltage (Vb) = Vcc * [R2 / (R1 + R2)]
Use Coupling Capacitors to separate the AC signals from the DC biasing voltage (which only pass AC signals and block any DC component).
Use Bypass Capacitor to maintain the Q-point stability.
To determine the value of each component, first set Q-point close to the center position of the load line. (RL is the resistance of the speaker.)
可測試性設(shè)計(jì)（Design-For-Testability，DFT）已經(jīng)成為芯片設(shè)計(jì)中不可或缺的重要組成部分。它通過在芯片的邏輯設(shè)計(jì)中加入測試邏輯提高芯片的可測試性。在高性能通用 CPU 的設(shè)計(jì)中，可測試性設(shè)計(jì)技術(shù)得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文結(jié)合幾款流行的 CPU，綜述了可應(yīng)用于通用 CPU 等高性能芯片設(shè)計(jì)中的各種可測試性方法，包括掃描設(shè)計(jì)（Scan Design），內(nèi)建自測試（Built-In Self-Test，BIST），測試點(diǎn)插入（Test Point Insertion），與 IEEE 1149.1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)兼容的邊界掃描設(shè)計(jì)（Boundary Scan Design，BSD）等技術(shù)。
歐母龍PLC例程PLC控制器源碼255個合集:1600T俄羅斯壓力機(jī).rar200噸壓機(jī)程序 omron 的機(jī)子C系列的.rar3MK136舊磨床現(xiàn)程序.rar3電機(jī)延時控制啟停.rar5V編碼器信號如何接入CP1H高數(shù)計(jì)數(shù)案例.rar6路搶答器源碼.rar902002 OMRON.rarASCII Generic Protocol Macro Object Code.zipASCII Generic Protocol Macro.zipC3電樞異物吸引.rarCalendar Calculation.zipcarbon.rarCompact Flash Memory Write.zipCounter Multiplex.zipcp1h 高速計(jì)數(shù)觸發(fā)中斷注意點(diǎn).rarcp1h-x40用在非標(biāo)飲料線上的程序,有注解.rarCP1H與愛默生溫控模塊的通訊程序.rarCP1L and CP1H EasyModbus FB.zipCPM1A編寫的贊揚(yáng)15T立式注塑機(jī).rarCPM2A Interupt High Speed Counting Sample.zipCPM2A自身時鐘六個時間段觸發(fā)程序.rarCQM1 Host Link Master.zipCQM1H 21的例子程序，有溫度壓力等PID控制。.rarCQMaster.swp.zipCS CJ CP NSJ password set.zipCS1 C Mode Hostlink.zipCS1-CJ1 Floating Point to Fixed Point Conversion for HMI.zipcub.rarCX-Programmer Ver.5 Introduction Guide R120-E1-01..zipCX-Programmer Ver.5 Introduction to Function Blocks Guide R121-E1-01.zipC_Mode_Hostlink.zipDeviceNet Explicit Message Example.zipdieban.rarEasy to use Modbus RTU Master for CP1L CP1H CJ1 CJ2 CS1.zipExample of Using Daylight Saving FB's.zipExample Scale Meter Protocol.zipFB Calculate Day Of Week.zipFB Day light savings function block.zipFB Extract Time Date into SecMin Hr Day Mth Yr.zipFB Scale with parameters.zipGKF1250離心機(jī)CXP.rargkf1250離心機(jī)cxpgkf離心機(jī)omron.rarJH21-200程序.rarLED液壓機(jī).rarlogging+ filewrite.ziplpr-des.rarModbus Protocol Macro Object Code.zipModbus Protocol Macro.zipModbus RTU Sample Code CJ1-SCB.rarModbus TCP Client using FB's.zipOmron CS1 Sequencer.zipOMRON E6CP絕對值編碼器使用實(shí)例。編碼器為8位格雷碼輸出.rarOmron Modbus Slave Ladder.zipOmron Plc 變頻一帶三例程.rarOMRON PLC編程示范.raromron--MOV傳送指令.raromron-cs1g-h-cpu42日本機(jī)的程序.rarOmron_CJ2_to_AB_EIP_Tag_Datalink_Example.rarOMRON接駁臺.rarOMRON控制2伺服.rarOMRON溫度，壓力模擬量輸入程序.rarOMRON照明設(shè)備程序.raromron的PLC案例程序.rarOMRON程序舉例.rarOMRON程序舉例2.rarOMRON紙病分析系統(tǒng)-PLC程序(CJ1G).zipomron脈沖輸出到驅(qū)動器的程序.rarPCB 沉銅線程序.rarPID溫度控制的PLC程序設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例.rarPinstamp.zipPLC Clock adjustment with screen.zipPLC錳鋼程序cpm2a.zipPolls and Writes setpoints to E5CK Process Controller - E5CK.swp.zipPRO9連拉.rarProcess states sequence logics.zipQuadrature Input for Standard CPM1A DC Inputs.zipRandom Number Generator.zipScaling in CJ1 CS1 PLC's.zipSMS - GSM PLC Communications.zipsony 公司 某機(jī)臺控制程序.rarStepNext.cpt.zipSTUP Example.zipTemplate for Step-Step Next Sequence.zipToggle Button.zipTracking product on conveyor.zipTXD-RXD Quickstart Programs.zipTXD-RXD Serial Port Handling.zipUseable timer.zipV600-E5CK.zipV700-V720 RFID Protocol Macro.zipVB與OMRON PLC通訊源碼.rarWoodwood Controler Example Protocol Program.zipYH32-315油壓機(jī)程序.rar一個CJ1M的程序.rar一個OMRON程序,帶位置控制模塊.rar一個生產(chǎn)線上潤滑控制的小程序.rar一些簡單的cpm1a程序.rar一控三恒壓供水程序.rar三層提升機(jī)歐姆龍CQM1H程序.rar三菱400噸和200號沖床程序.rar上海產(chǎn)自動模切機(jī)飛達(dá)部程序.zip上海獅印全自動啤機(jī)程序.rar東芝壓鑄機(jī)梯形圖.rar兩步法吹瓶機(jī).rar鄉(xiāng)林剪臺.rar買書的隨書樣例.rar井研磨邊機(jī).rar交通燈注釋全.rar今機(jī)立式注塑機(jī)程序.rar伺服電機(jī)正反轉(zhuǎn)控制.rar位置控制（旋轉(zhuǎn)編碼器與PLC）.rar充磁機(jī)程序.rar先啟后停 后啟先停 事例.rar沖床程序.rar分揀線主機(jī)一個CJ1M的分揀線程序下掛CP1H.rar利慧利樂灌裝機(jī)程序.rar刮水器停止位置檢查程序.rar力泰翻胚機(jī)程序.rar北人04印刷機(jī)程序.rar北人LQD10騎馬裝訂程序.rar半自動吹瓶機(jī)的程.rar南京印刷機(jī).zip卡板程式.rar壓制機(jī)程序（帶解釋，注釋）.rar壓力機(jī)控制程序.rar原創(chuàng)液壓機(jī)程序帶注釋歐姆龍PLC加信捷文本.rar原點(diǎn)搜索程序.rar雙翻分揀機(jī).rar雙邊機(jī).rar反滲透整套PLC控制.rar臺灣產(chǎn)染色機(jī)歐姆龍PLC帶3只IO擴(kuò)展控制程序.rar臺灣大拉無板.rar啤酒廠酒瓶美容機(jī).rar四川綿陽建豐熱磨工段.rar在用設(shè)備程序.rar垂直涂布.rar外端子設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)值.rar大型熱電廠 PLC程序(帶注解).rar大搖動超聲波清洗機(jī).rar大連75密練注釋程序.rar安呼12級.rar富佳扶梯程序.rar對齊度編程！！.rar小車控制程序.rar小車送料”例程.rar廣東鍛壓氣壓沖床程序（80T）有詳細(xì)注解.rar廣告牌燈箱.rar微電機(jī)刷簧自動組裝程序.rar微粉磚自動送料帶OMRON CQM2A+擴(kuò)展程序帶注釋.rar意大利進(jìn)口皮革壓花.rar扎鋼機(jī)程序.rar打包機(jī).rar拔蓋機(jī).rar撥碼控制.rar擋磚磨邊機(jī)（新1）.rar捷豹空壓機(jī)控制程序.rar接木機(jī).rar控制程序例子.rar推掛.rar攻絲機(jī)2（新）.rar料位顯示.rar旋轉(zhuǎn)門控制程序1.rar無協(xié)議.rar無心磨床(OMRON系統(tǒng),帶機(jī)械手有詳細(xì)注解).rar無線膠裝機(jī)歐姆龍程序.zip日本人編的程序 拋光研磨.rar日本成型磨床控制程序（附注釋）歐姆龍CPM1A.rar板坯定厚.rar樣例，有注釋.rar模擬量試驗(yàn).rar歐姆龍CJ1M鉻化機(jī)程序帶注釋.rar歐姆龍CP1H例程.rar歐姆龍CPM1A的PLC.rar歐姆龍CPM2AH PLC和歐姆龍NTZ觸摸屏編寫的超聲波清洗機(jī)程序..rar歐姆龍CPM2AH Host Link通訊程序(發(fā)布源碼).rar
高清電子書-C++ Primer Plus, 第6版英文版 1438頁Learning C++ is an adventure of discovery, particularly because the language accommodates several programming paradigms, including object-oriented programming,
generic programming, and the traditional procedural programming.The fifth edition of
this book described the language as set forth in the ISO C++ standards, informally
known as C++99 and C++03, or, sometimes as C++99/03. (The 2003 version was
largely a technical correction to the 1999 standard and didn’t add any new features.)
Since then, C++ continues to evolve.As this book is written, the international C++
Standards Committee has just approved a new version of the standard.This standard had
the informal name of C++0x while in development, and now it will be known as
C++11. Most contemporary compilers support C++99/03 quite well, and most of the
examples in this book comply with that standard. But many features of the new standard
already have appeared in some implementations, and this edition of C++ Primer Plus
explores these new features.
C++ Primer Plus discusses the basic C language and presents C++ features, making
this book self-contained. It presents C++ fundamentals and illustrates them with short,
to-the-point programs that are easy to copy and experiment with.You learn about
input/output (I/O), how to make programs perform repetitive tasks and make choices,
the many ways to handle data, and how to use functions.You learn about the many
features C++ has added to C, including the followi
基于FPGA設(shè)計(jì)的相關(guān)論文資料大全 84篇用FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)FFT的研究
劉朝暉 韓月秋
摘 要 目的 針對高速數(shù)字信號處理的要求，給出了用現(xiàn)場可編程門陣列(FPGA)實(shí)現(xiàn)的
快速傅里葉變換(FFT)方案.方法 算法為按時間抽取的基4算法，采用遞歸結(jié)構(gòu)的塊浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)
算方案，蝶算過程只擴(kuò)展兩個符號位以適應(yīng)雷達(dá)信號處理的特點(diǎn)，乘法器由陣列乘法器實(shí)
現(xiàn).結(jié)果 采用流水方式保證系統(tǒng)的速度，使取數(shù)據(jù)、計(jì)算旋轉(zhuǎn)因子、復(fù)乘、DFT等操作協(xié)
調(diào)一致，在計(jì)算、通信和存儲間取得平衡，避免了瓶頸的出現(xiàn).結(jié)論 實(shí)驗(yàn)表明，用FPGA
實(shí)現(xiàn)高速數(shù)字信號處理的算法是一個可行的方案.
關(guān)鍵詞 離散傅里葉變換； 快速傅里葉變換； 塊浮點(diǎn)運(yùn)算； 可編程門陣列
分類號 TP39； TN957.511
Implementation of FFT with FPGA Technology
Liu Zhaohui Han Yueqiu
(Department of Electronics Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081)
Abstract Aim To propose a scheme for implementing FFT with FPGA in accor-dance with the
requirement for high speed digital signal processing. Methods The structure of FPGA and
requirement of system were considered in the experiment, radix-4 algorithm of DIT and recursive
structure were adopted. The group float point arithmetic operation was used in the butterfly and the
array multiplier was used to realize multiplication. Results The pipeline pattern was used to ensure
the system speed, it made fetching data, calculating twiddle factor, complex multiplication and D
在光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)中，光伏電池的利用率除了與光伏電池的內(nèi)部特性有關(guān)外，還受使用環(huán)境如輻照度、負(fù)載和溫度等因素的影響。在不同的外界條件下，光伏電池可運(yùn)行在不同且惟一的最大功率點(diǎn)（Maximum Power Point，MPP）上，因此，對于光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)來說，應(yīng)該尋求光伏電池的最優(yōu)工作狀態(tài)，以最大限度地將光能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，即需要采用最大功率點(diǎn)跟蹤（Maximum Power Point Tracking，MPPT）技術(shù).本文根據(jù)光伏電池最大輸出功率與光照度的關(guān)系，建立了基于Boost電路的MPPT仿真模型，采用擾動觀測法，通過調(diào)整DC-DC電路的占空比實(shí)現(xiàn)了最大功率點(diǎn)追蹤。使用Matlab/Simulink 工具，在輻照度恒定和階躍變化的情況下，對MPPT進(jìn)行了仿真分析。1光伏電池的特性光伏電池實(shí)際上就是一個大面積平面二極管，其工作可以圖1的單二極管等效電路來描述1，光伏電池的特性方程如式（1）所示。
