Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
上傳時間： 2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
Agilent AN 154 S-Parameter Design Application Note S參數(shù)的設(shè)計與應(yīng)用 The need for new high-frequency, solid-state circuitdesign techniques has been recognized both by microwaveengineers and circuit designers. These engineersare being asked to design solid state circuitsthat will operate at higher and higher frequencies.The development of microwave transistors andAgilent Technologies’ network analysis instrumentationsystems that permit complete network characterizationin the microwave frequency rangehave greatly assisted these engineers in their work.The Agilent Microwave Division’s lab staff hasdeveloped a high frequency circuit design seminarto assist their counterparts in R&D labs throughoutthe world. This seminar has been presentedin a number of locations in the United States andEurope.From the experience gained in presenting this originalseminar, we have developed a four-part videotape, S-Parameter Design Seminar. While the technologyof high frequency circuit design is everchanging, the concepts upon which this technologyhas been built are relatively invariant.The content of the S-Parameter Design Seminar isas follows:
標(biāo)簽： S參數(shù)
上傳時間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：aa54
The LTC®3207/LTC3207-1 is a 600mA LED/Camera driverwhich illuminates 12 Universal LEDs (ULEDs) and onecamera fl ash LED. The ULEDs are considered universalbecause they may be individually turned on or off, setin general purpose output (GPO) mode, set to blink at aselected on-time and period, or gradate on and off at aselected gradation rate. This device also has an externalenable (ENU) pin that may be used to blink, gradate, orturn on/off the LEDs without using the I2C bus. This may beuseful if the microprocessor is in sleep or standby mode. Ifused properly, these features may save valuable memoryspace, programming time, and reduce the I2C traffi c.
上傳時間： 2014-01-04
上傳用戶：LANCE
The NXP LPC315x combine an 180 MHz ARM926EJ-S CPU core, High-speed USB 2.0OTG, 192 KB SRAM, NAND flash controller, flexible external bus interface, an integratedaudio codec, Li-ion charger, Real-Time Clock (RTC), and a myriad of serial and parallelinterfaces in a single chip targeted at consumer, industrial, medical, and communicationmarkets. To optimize system power consumption, the LPC315x have multiple powerdomains and a very flexible Clock Generation Unit (CGU) that provides dynamic clockgating and scaling.The LPC315x is implemented as multi-chip module with two side-by-side dies, one fordigital fuctions and one for analog functions, which include a Power Supply Unit (PSU),audio codec, RTC, and Li-ion battery charger.
上傳時間： 2014-01-17
上傳用戶：Altman
解壓密碼：www.elecfans.com 隨著微電子技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展以及集成電路規(guī)模不斷提高，對電路性能的設(shè)計 要求越來越嚴(yán)格，這勢必對用于大規(guī)模集成電路設(shè)計的EDA 工具提出越來越高的 要求。自1972 年美國加利福尼亞大學(xué)柏克萊分校電機(jī)工程和計算機(jī)科學(xué)系開發(fā) 的用于集成電路性能分析的電路模擬程序SPICE（Simulation Program with IC Emphasis）誕生以來，為適應(yīng)現(xiàn)代微電子工業(yè)的發(fā)展，各種用于集成電路設(shè)計的 電路模擬分析工具不斷涌現(xiàn)。HSPICE 是Meta-Software 公司為集成電路設(shè)計中 的穩(wěn)態(tài)分析，瞬態(tài)分析和頻域分析等電路性能的模擬分析而開發(fā)的一個商業(yè)化通 用電路模擬程序，它在柏克萊的SPICE（1972 年推出），MicroSim公司的PSPICE （1984 年推出）以及其它電路分析軟件的基礎(chǔ)上，又加入了一些新的功能，經(jīng) 過不斷的改進(jìn)，目前已被許多公司、大學(xué)和研究開發(fā)機(jī)構(gòu)廣泛應(yīng)用。HSPICE 可 與許多主要的EDA 設(shè)計工具，諸如Candence,Workview 等兼容，能提供許多重要 的針對集成電路性能的電路仿真和設(shè)計結(jié)果。采用HSPICE 軟件可以在直流到高 于100MHz 的微波頻率范圍內(nèi)對電路作精確的仿真、分析和優(yōu)化。在實(shí)際應(yīng)用中， HSPICE能提供關(guān)鍵性的電路模擬和設(shè)計方案，并且應(yīng)用HSPICE進(jìn)行電路模擬時， 其電路規(guī)模僅取決于用戶計算機(jī)的實(shí)際存儲器容量。 The HSPICE Integrator Program enables qualified EDA vendors to integrate their products with the de facto standard HSPICE simulator, HSPICE RF simulator, and WaveView Analyzer™. In addition, qualified HSPICE Integrator Program members have access to HSPICE integrator application programming interfaces (APIs). Collaboration between HSPICE Integrator Program members will enable customers to achieve more thorough design verification in a shorter period of time from the improvements offered by inter-company EDA design solutions.
標(biāo)簽： download hspice 2007
上傳時間： 2013-11-10
上傳用戶：123312
It would not be an exaggeration to say that semiconductor devices have transformed humanlife. From computers to communications to internet and video games these devices and the technologies they have enabled have expanded human experience in a way that is unique in history. Semiconductor devices have exploited materials, physics and imaginative applications to spawn new lifestyles. Of course for the device engineer, in spite of the advances, the challenges of reaching higher frequency, lower power consumption, higher power generation etc.
標(biāo)簽： 半導(dǎo)體器件 物理
上傳時間： 2013-10-28
上傳用戶：songnanhua
ExpressPCB 是一款免費(fèi)的PCB設(shè)計軟件，簡單實(shí)使。可以畫雙層板。 Our Free PCB software is a snap to learn and use. For the first time, designing circuit boards is simple for the beginner and efficient for the professional. Our board manufacturing service makes top quality two and four layer PCBs. Use our MiniBoard service and pay only $51 for three boards (plus $8 shipping).
標(biāo)簽： ExpressPCB PCB 設(shè)計軟件
上傳時間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：lchjng
ExpressPCB 是一款免費(fèi)的PCB設(shè)計軟件，簡單實(shí)使。可以畫雙層板。 Our Free PCB software is a snap to learn and use. For the first time, designing circuit boards is simple for the beginner and efficient for the professional. Our board manufacturing service makes top quality two and four layer PCBs. Use our MiniBoard service and pay only $51 for three boards (plus $8 shipping).
標(biāo)簽： ExpressPCB PCB 設(shè)計軟件
上傳時間： 2013-10-09
上傳用戶：1047385479
This white paper discusses how market trends, the need for increased productivity, and new legislation have accelerated the use of safety systems in industrial machinery. This TÜV-qualified FPGA design methodology is changing the paradigms of safety designs and will greatly reduce development effort, system complexity, and time to market. This allows FPGA users to design their own customized safety controllers and provides a significant competitive advantage over traditional microcontroller or ASIC-based designs. Introduction The basic motivation of deploying functional safety systems is to ensure safe operation as well as safe behavior in cases of failure. Examples of functional safety systems include train brakes, proximity sensors for hazardous areas around machines such as fast-moving robots, and distributed control systems in process automation equipment such as those used in petrochemical plants. The International Electrotechnical Commission’s standard, IEC 61508: “Functional safety of electrical/electronic/programmable electronic safety-related systems,” is understood as the standard for designing safety systems for electrical, electronic, and programmable electronic (E/E/PE) equipment. This standard was developed in the mid-1980s and has been revised several times to cover the technical advances in various industries. In addition, derivative standards have been developed for specific markets and applications that prescribe the particular requirements on functional safety systems in these industry applications. Example applications include process automation (IEC 61511), machine automation (IEC 62061), transportation (railway EN 50128), medical (IEC 62304), automotive (ISO 26262), power generation, distribution, and transportation. 圖Figure 1. Local Safety System
標(biāo)簽： FPGA 安全系統(tǒng)
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：zoudejile
Nios II定制指令用戶指南：With the Altera Nios II embedded processor, you as the system designer can accelerate time-critical software algorithms by adding custom instructions to the Nios II processor instruction set. Using custom instructions, you can reduce a complex sequence of standard instructions to a single instruction implemented in hardware. You can use this feature for a variety of applications, for example, to optimize software inner loops for digital signal processing (DSP), packet header processing, and computation-intensive applications. The Nios II configuration wizard,part of the Quartus® II software’s SOPC Builder, provides a graphical user interface (GUI) used to add up to 256 custom instructions to the Nios II processor. The custom instruction logic connects directly to the Nios II arithmetic logic unit (ALU) as shown in Figure 1–1.
上傳時間： 2013-10-12
上傳用戶：kang1923
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