We address the problem of blind carrier frequency-offset (CFO) estimation in quadrature amplitude modulation, phase-shift keying, and pulse amplitude modulation communications systems.We study the performance of a standard CFO estimate, which consists of first raising the received signal to the Mth power, where M is an integer depending on the type and size of the symbol constellation, and then applying the nonlinear least squares (NLLS) estimation approach. At low signal-to noise ratio (SNR), the NLLS method fails to provide an accurate CFO estimate because of the presence of outliers. In this letter, we derive an approximate closed-form expression for the outlier probability. This enables us to predict the mean-square error (MSE) on CFO estimation for all SNR values. For a given SNR, the new results also give insight into the minimum number of samples required in the CFO estimation procedure, in order to ensure that the MSE on estimation is not significantly affected by the outliers.
標(biāo)簽： frequency-offset estimation quadrature amplitude
上傳時間： 2014-01-22
上傳用戶：牛布牛
Aiming at the application of passive trackinn based on sensor array, a new passive trackinn usinn sensor array based on particle filter was proposed. Firstly, the“fake points" could be almost entirely and exactly deleted with the aids of the sensor array at the expense of an additional sensor. Secondly, considered the fact that the measurements notten from each array were independent in passive trackinn system, a novel sequential particle filter usinn sensor array with improved distribution was proposed. At last, in a simulation study we compared this approach a壇orithm with traditional trackinn methods. The simulation re-sups show that the proposed method can nreatly improve the state estimation precision of sensor array passive trackinn system.
標(biāo)簽： trackinn passive application Aiming
上傳時間： 2015-12-31
上傳用戶：trepb001
Java:入門級小程序，student類繼承person類。
上傳時間： 2016-01-30
上傳用戶：chongcongying
一個多用戶在線題庫管理系統(tǒng),可以實現(xiàn)各類試題的添加和管理，可以實現(xiàn)管理員、老師和學(xué)生的三級管理 用戶管理：管理員、老師、學(xué)生信息的添加和管理 科目管理：考試科目的管理 章節(jié)管理：科目中的章節(jié)管理 試題管理：可以選擇科目和章節(jié)，題型（填空題、是非題、名詞解釋題、簡答題等）、難度選項 默認(rèn)管理帳號密碼均為51aspx 默認(rèn)學(xué)生登陸帳號密碼均為student
標(biāo)簽： 多用 題庫 管理系統(tǒng) 試題
上傳時間： 2014-01-21
上傳用戶：稀世之寶039
這是114專業(yè)的數(shù)據(jù)庫原理上機作業(yè)，控制臺c++，ado+sqlsever 請依次輸入 數(shù)據(jù)(針對student表格)庫名， 用戶名， 密碼： 本例只針對students數(shù)據(jù)庫，共三個表個：student,Course,SC. 本例為您封裝了_ConnectionPtr m_pConnection，您只管在需要的 地方使用，不必管理維護(hù)。其他基礎(chǔ)功能也有所安排
標(biāo)簽： 114 數(shù)據(jù)庫原理
上傳時間： 2016-02-03
上傳用戶：caiiicc
Foreword The four case studies that follow each have a number of common features. They each illustrate the birth of an idea and show how that idea can be realised into a marketable product. Each case study deals with engineering design and development issues and each highlights the importance of developing sound marketing strategies including market research. The importance of appropriate support mechanisms for young entrepreneurs is also covered. The case studies illustrate how successful entrepreneurs deploy a range of entrepreneurial skills and know-how. Above all, the entrepreneurs are seen to have the capacity to innovate and exercise vision. We are grateful to Liz Read, Development Manager for Enterprise and Entrepreneurship (Students) at Coventry University for providing these case studies.
標(biāo)簽： each Foreword features studies
上傳時間： 2016-02-17
上傳用戶：熊少鋒
學(xué)生管理系統(tǒng)修改版，解壓后使用，數(shù)據(jù)庫文件導(dǎo)入到sql2000中（先要新建一個數(shù)據(jù)庫student,然后右鍵點擊還原數(shù)據(jù)庫），運行源代碼（在.net中，c#開發(fā)語言）
標(biāo)簽： 管理系統(tǒng) 修改版
上傳時間： 2014-10-12
上傳用戶：liglechongchong
學(xué)生信息管理系統(tǒng),本程序共有八個功能與數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)說明： 每一條記錄包括一個學(xué)生的學(xué)號、姓名、3門課成績、平均成績。 1．學(xué)生記錄的輸入，可以一次完成若干條記錄的輸入，可以控制所要輸入學(xué)生的總數(shù)，根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行輸入次數(shù)，然后每輸入一個值按下回車，然后再根據(jù)提示進(jìn)行輸入。 2．顯示學(xué)生信息。完成全部學(xué)生記錄的顯示。 3．查找功能。輸入一個學(xué)生的名字，然后就顯示該學(xué)生的所有信息。 4．排序功能：按學(xué)生平均成績進(jìn)行排序。 5．插入記錄。在程序進(jìn)行中可以輸入一個學(xué)生的名字，然后在該學(xué)生后面插入一個學(xué)生的信息，插入完之后會提示用戶是否進(jìn)行排序，輸入y則進(jìn)行排序，輸入n不進(jìn)行排序。 6．刪除功能。該功能實現(xiàn)刪除學(xué)生信息，給出所要刪除的學(xué)生的名字，即可實現(xiàn)將該學(xué)生的所有信息刪除。 7．文件的存盤功能。該功能模塊實現(xiàn)對該文件的存盤操作。將文件存入磁盤中的命名為student.cpp的文件中，直到存完為止。 8．文件的讀出功能。該功能模塊實現(xiàn)對磁盤中文件名為student.cpp的文件進(jìn)行讀出操作，直到讀完為止。 9．則退出整個程序的運行。
標(biāo)簽： 記錄 信息管理系統(tǒng) 程序 數(shù)據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)
上傳時間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：李彥東
this a program to show your current credits for add or drop subjects. During university, students need to register what subjects they want to study in a semester. this program show and help to calculate the credits.
標(biāo)簽： university subjects students program
上傳時間： 2016-03-31
上傳用戶：小眼睛LSL
This the network curriculum project reported that the topic is the image frequency range enhancement method study, hoped that everybody uses for reference!
標(biāo)簽： the enhancement curriculum frequency
上傳時間： 2014-12-01
上傳用戶：13215175592
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