As science advances, novel experiments are becoming more and more complex, requiring a zoo of control devices and electronics executing complicated sequences of steps. Device availability and monetary constrains usually lead to a highly heterogeneous setup with components from several different manufacturers using many different protocols and interfacing mechanisms. This often results in control software being puzzled together to use and provide a multitude of interfacing and control functionality, each using their own calling conventions, data structures, etc. To make matters worse, usually a group of relatively independent programmers is trying to write and maintain the code base. Often this causes extensive duplication of effort as program segments are hard to reuse, since unpredictable changes to the segments by the original authors might compromise other code using these segments.
We show in the context of a new economic geography model that when
labor is heterogenous trade liberalization may lead to industrial agglomeration
and inter-regional trade. Labor heterogeneity gives local monopoly
power to firms but also introduces variations in the quality of the job match.
Matches are likely to be better when there are more firms and workers in
the local market, giving rise to an agglomeration force which can offset the
forces against, trade costs and the erosion of monopoly power. We derive
analytically a robust agglomeration equilibrium and illustrate its properties
with numerical simulations
The aim of this book, the first of two volumes, is to present selected research that
has been undertaken under COST Action IC0902 ‘‘Cognitive Radio and Net-
working for Cooperative Coexistence of heterogeneous Wireless Networks’’
(http://newyork.ing.uniroma1.it/IC0902/). COST (European Cooperation in Sci-
ence and Technology) is one of the longest-running European frameworks sup-
porting cooperation among scientists and researchers across Europe.
With the rapid growth in the number of wireless applications, services and devices,
using a single wireless technology such as a second generation (2G) and third gener-
ation (3G) wireless system would not be efficient to deliver high speed data rate and
quality-of-service (QoS) support to mobile users in a seamless way. The next genera-
tion wireless systems (also sometimes referred to as Fourth generation (4G) systems)
are being devised with the vision of heterogeneity in which a mobile user/device will
be able to connect to multiple wireless networks (e.g., WLAN, cellular, WMAN)
simultaneously.
The ever-increasing demand for private and sensitive data transmission over wireless net-
works has made security a crucial concern in the current and future large-scale, dynamic,
and heterogeneous wireless communication systems. To address this challenge, computer
scientists and engineers have tried hard to continuously come up with improved crypto-
graphic algorithms. But typically we do not need to wait too long to find an efficient way
to crack these algorithms. With the rapid progress of computational devices, the current
cryptographic methods are already becoming more unreliable. In recent years, wireless re-
searchers have sought a new security paradigm termed physical layer security. Unlike the
traditional cryptographic approach which ignores the effect of the wireless medium, physi-
cal layer security exploits the important characteristics of wireless channel, such as fading,
interference, and noise, for improving the communication security against eavesdropping
attacks. This new security paradigm is expected to complement and significantly increase
the overall communication security of future wireless networks.
heterogeneous Network (HetNet): A network that consists of a mix of macro cells and low-power
nodes, e.g. Pico, Femto, Relay Node (RN) and Remote Radio Head (RRH)
