Optical communication technology has been extensively developed over the
last 50 years, since the proposed idea by Kao and Hockham [1]. However, only
during the last 15 years have the concepts of communication foundation, that
is, the modulation and demodulation techniques, been applied. This is pos-
sible due to processing signals using real and imaginary components in the
baseband in the digital domain. The baseband signals can be recovered from
the optical passband region using polarization and phase diversity tech-
niques, as well as technology that was developed in the mid-1980s.
The objective of this book is to allow the reader to predict the received
signal power produced by a particular radio transmitter. The first two
chapters examine propagation in free space for point-to-point and
point-to-area TRanSMISSION, respectively. This is combined with a dis-
cussion regarding the characteristics of antennas for various purposes. In
chapter 3, the effect of obstacles, whether buildings or mountains, is
discussed and analytical methods, whereby the strength of a signal is the
shadow of an obstacle can be predicted, are presented.
Free Space Optical Communication (FSOC) is an effective alternative technology to
meet the Next Generation Network (NGN) demands as well as highly secured (mili-
tary) communications. FSOC includes various advantages like last mile access, easy
installation, free of Electro Magnetic Interference (EMI)/Electro Magnetic Compatibil-
ity (EMC) and license free access etc. In FSOC, the optical beam propagation in the
turbulentatmosphereisseverelyaffectedbyvariousfactorssuspendedinthechannel,
geographicallocationoftheinstallationsite,terraintypeandmeteorologicalchanges.
Therefore a rigorous experimental study over a longer period becomes significant to
analyze the quality and reliability of the FSOC channel and the maximum data rate
that the system can operate since data TRanSMISSION is completely season dependent.
The recent developments in full duplex (FD) commu-
nication promise doubling the capacity of cellular networks using
self interference cancellation (SIC) techniques. FD small cells
with device-to-device (D2D) communication links could achieve
the expected capacity of the future cellular networks (5G). In
this work, we consider joint scheduling and dynamic power
algorithm (DPA) for a single cell FD small cell network with
D2D links (D2DLs). We formulate the optimal user selection and
power control as a non-linear programming (NLP) optimization
problem to get the optimal user scheduling and TRanSMISSION
power in a given TTI. Our numerical results show that using
DPA gives better overall throughput performance than full power
TRanSMISSION algorithm (FPA). Also, simultaneous TRanSMISSIONs
(combination of uplink (UL), downlink (DL), and D2D occur
80% of the time thereby increasing the spectral efficiency and
network capacity
The third generation (3G) mobile communication system is the next big thing
in the world of mobile telecommunications. The first generation included
analog mobile phones [e.g., Total Access Communications Systems
(TACS), Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT), and Advanced Mobile Phone
Service (AMPS)], and the second generation (2G) included digital mobile
phones [e.g., global system for mobile communications (GSM), personal
digital cellular (PDC), and digital AMPS (D-AMPS)]. The 3G will bring
digital multimedia handsets with high data TRanSMISSION rates, capable of
providing much more than basic voice calls.
To meet the future demand for huge traffic volume of wireless data service, the research on the fifth generation
(5G) mobile communication systems has been undertaken in recent years. It is expected that the spectral and energy
efficiencies in 5G mobile communication systems should be ten-fold higher than the ones in the fourth generation
(4G) mobile communication systems. Therefore, it is important to further exploit the potential of spatial multiplexing
of multiple antennas. In the last twenty years, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna techniques have been
considered as the key techniques to increase the capacity of wireless communication systems. When a large-scale
antenna array (which is also called massive MIMO) is equipped in a base-station, or a large number of distributed
antennas (which is also called large-scale distributed MIMO) are deployed, the spectral and energy efficiencies can
be further improved by using spatial domain multiple access. This paper provides an overview of massive MIMO
and large-scale distributed MIMO systems, including spectral efficiency analysis, channel state information (CSI)
acquisition, wireless TRanSMISSION technology, and resource allocation.
An optical fiber amplifier is a key component for enabling efficient TRanSMISSION of
wavelength-divisionmultiplexed(WDM)signalsoverlongdistances.Eventhough
many alternative technologies were available, erbium-doped fiber amplifiers won
theraceduringtheearly1990sandbecameastandardcomponentforlong-haulopti-
caltelecommunicationssystems.However,owingtotherecentsuccessinproducing
low-cost, high-power, semiconductor lasers operating near 1450 nm, the Raman
amplifiertechnologyhasalsogainedprominenceinthedeploymentofmodernlight-
wavesystems.Moreover,becauseofthepushforintegratedoptoelectroniccircuits,
semiconductor optical amplifiers, rare-earth-doped planar waveguide amplifiers,
and silicon optical amplifiers are also gaining much interest these days.
In the nineteenth century, scientists, mathematician, engineers and innovators started
investigating electromagnetism. The theory that underpins wireless communications was
formed by Maxwell. Early demonstrations took place by Hertz, Tesla and others. Marconi
demonstrated the first wireless TRanSMISSION. Since then, the range of applications has
expanded at an immense rate, together with the underpinning technology. The rate of
development has been incredible and today the level of technical and commercial maturity
is very high. This success would not have been possible without understanding radio-
wave propagation. This knowledge enables us to design successful systems and networks,
together with waveforms, antennal and transceiver architectures. The radio channel is the
cornerstone to the operation of any wireless system.
Nature is seldom kind. One of the most appealing uses for radio-
telephone systems—communication with people on the move—must over-
come radio TRanSMISSION problems so difficult they challenge the imagina-
tion. A microwave radio signal transmitted between a fixed base station
and a moving vehicle in a typical urban environment exhibits extreme
variations in both amplitude and apparent frequency.
Due to the asymmetry between the amount of data traffic in the downlink and
uplink direction of nowadays and future wireless networks, a proper design of the
transceivers in the broadcast channel is inevitable in order to satisfy the users’
demands on data rate and TRanSMISSION quality. This book deals with the optimi-
zation-based joint design of the transmit and receive filters in a MIMO broadcast
channel in which the user terminals may be equipped with several antenna ele-
ments.
