In this paper we revisit hybrid analog-digital precoding systems with emphasis on their modelling and radio-frequency (RF) losses, to realistically evaluate their benefits in 5G system implementations. For this, we decompose the analog beamforming networks (ABFN) as a bank of commonly used RF components and formulate realistic model constraints based on their S-parameters. Specifically, we concentrate on fully-connected ABFN (FC-ABFN) and Butler networks for implementing the discrete Fourier TRANSFORM (DFT) in the RF domain. The results presented in this paper reveal that the performance and energy efficiency of hybrid precoding systems are severely affected, once practical factors are considered in the overall design. In this context, we also show that Butler RF networks are capable of providing better performances than FC-ABFN for systems with a large number of RF chains.
標簽： Analog-Digital Precoding Hybrid
上傳時間： 2020-05-27
上傳用戶：shancjb
Before delving into the details of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), relevant background material must be presented first. The purpose of this chapter is to provide the necessary building blocks for the development of OFDM principles. Included in this chapter are reviews of stochastic and random process, discrete-time signals and systems, and the Discrete Fourier TRANSFORM (DFT). Tooled with the necessary mathematical foundation, we proceed with an overview of digital communication systems and OFDM communication systems. We conclude the chapter with summaries of the OFDM wireless LAN standards currently in existence and a high-level comparison of single carrier systems versus OFDM.
上傳時間： 2020-05-31
上傳用戶：shancjb
Part I provides a compact survey on classical stochastic geometry models. The basic models defined in this part will be used and extended throughout the whole monograph, and in particular to SINR based models. Note however that these classical stochastic models can be used in a variety of contexts which go far beyond the modeling of wireless networks. Chapter 1 reviews the definition and basic properties of Poisson point processes in Euclidean space. We review key operations on Poisson point processes (thinning, superposition, displacement) as well as key formulas like Campbell’s formula. Chapter 2 is focused on properties of the spatial shot-noise process: its continuity properties, its Laplace TRANSFORM, its moments etc. Both additive and max shot-noise processes are studied. Chapter 3 bears on coverage processes, and in particular on the Boolean model. Its basic coverage characteristics are reviewed. We also give a brief account of its percolation properties. Chapter 4 studies random tessellations; the main focus is on Poisson–Voronoi tessellations and cells. We also discuss various random objects associated with bivariate point processes such as the set of points of the first point process that fall in a Voronoi cell w.r.t. the second point process.
標簽： Stochastic Geometry Networks Wireless Volume and
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
上傳用戶：shancjb
I love telecommunications. It is powerful and it empowers, with far-reaching consequences. It has demonstrated the potential to TRANSFORM society and business, and the revolution has only just begun. With the invention of the telephone, human communications and commerce were forever changed: Time and distance began to melt away as a barrier to doing business, keeping in touch with loved ones, and being able to immediately respond to major world events. Through the use of computers and telecommunications networks, humans have been able to extend their powers of thinking, influence, and productivity, just as those in the Industrial Age were able to extend the power of their muscles, or physical self, through use of heavy machinery.
標簽： Telecommunications Essentials
上傳時間： 2020-06-01
上傳用戶：shancjb
With all the recent hype over radio frequency identification (RFID) and the requirements to implement it, you might think that RFID can turn water into wine, TRANSFORM lead into gold, and cure the world’s diseases. You might also be worried that RFID will enable Big Brother to track your move- ments to within a foot of your location from a satellite five hundred miles up in space. The truth is, RFID can do none of these things. In this chapter, you find out the basics of what RFID is, what forces are dri- ving RFID as a replacement for the bar code in the marketplace, and what benefits RFID can offer
標簽： ForDummies_RFID_For_Dummies
上傳時間： 2020-06-08
上傳用戶：shancjb
Signals convey information. Systems TRANSFORM signals. This book introduces the mathe- matical models used to design and understand both. It is intended for students interested in developing a deep understanding of how to digitally create and manipulate signals to measure and control the physical world and to enhance human experience and communi- cation.
標簽： Interpretation Structure and Signals Systems of
上傳時間： 2020-06-10
上傳用戶：shancjb
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has undoubtedly been one of the most important buz- zwords over the past years. The goal in AI is to design algorithms that TRANSFORM com- puters into “intelligent” agents. By intelligence here we do not necessarily mean an extraordinary level of smartness shown by superhuman; it rather often involves very basic problems that humans solve very frequently in their day-to-day life. This can be as simple as recognizing faces in an image, driving a car, playing a board game, or reading (and understanding) an article in a newspaper. The intelligent behaviour ex- hibited by humans when “reading” is one of the main goals for a subfield of AI called Natural Language Processing (NLP). Natural language 1 is one of the most complex tools used by humans for a wide range of reasons, for instance to communicate with others, to express thoughts, feelings and ideas, to ask questions, or to give instruc- tions. Therefore, it is crucial for computers to possess the ability to use the same tool in order to effectively interact with humans.
標簽： Embeddings Processing Language Natural in
上傳時間： 2020-06-10
上傳用戶：shancjb
快速傅里葉變換，fft應用實例。供學習，供參考。 原理：快速傅里葉變換 (fast Fourier TRANSFORM), 即利用計算機計算離散傅里葉變換（DFT)的高效、快速計算方法的統稱，簡稱FFT。快速傅里葉變換是1965年由J.W.庫利和T.W.圖基提出的。采用這種算法能使計算機計算離散傅里葉變換所需要的乘法次數大為減少，特別是被變換的抽樣點數N越多，FFT算法計算量的節省就越顯著。
上傳時間： 2021-07-14
上傳用戶：hhh4321
無線傳感網有TDMA和CSMA兩種基本的MAC協議方案。欣仰邦LoRa技術實現TDMA算法組網系統，LoRa-TDMA的優點是：低成本實現小規模組網。基于TDMA的MAC協議實現信道分配的機制簡單成熟，它沒有CSMA競爭機制的碰撞和重傳問題，而是為無線傳感器網絡中每個節點分配獨立的時隙用于數據發送或接收TDMA信號的前導字和CZT（chirp z-TRANSFORM）算法的高頻率分辨率特性，設計了適于低信噪比信號的寬范圍載波同步改進算法。數據傳輸時不需要過多的控制信息，且節點在空閑時能夠及時進入睡眠狀態.因而在節點無移動且網絡部署情況已知的場景，采用TDMWA方式進行通信，可避免信道沖突以及沖突引起的丟包和能量損耗；TDMA信號的前導字進行數據輔助（DA）型載波同步，有效地縮小了低信噪比信號的頻偏范圍；再利用CZT算法進一步縮小頻偏范圍，最后利用非數據輔助型（NDA）自相關函數法得到精確的載波頻偏。改進算法的計算復雜度略高于寬范圍自相關函數法，而遠低于寬范圍LR算法。通過仿真比較，改進算法對低信噪比（SNR）環境（3-6dB）中的信號具有良好且穩定的估計性能。保證數據傳輸的實時性和可靠性；令節點在不工作期間進入睡眠狀態，以保存能量.這些特點很適合無線傳感網中的節能要求.
上傳時間： 2022-07-23
上傳用戶：d1997wayne
