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Single-Ended and Differential S-Parameters Differential circuits have been important incommunication systems for many years. In the past,differential communication circuits operated at lowfrequencies, where they could be designed andanalyzed using lumped-element models andtechniques. With the frequency of operationincreasing beyond 1GHz, and above 1Gbps fordigital communications, this lumped-elementapproach is no longer valid, because the physicalsize of the circuit approaches the size of awavelength.Distributed models and analysis techniques are nowused instead of lumped-element techniques.Scattering parameters, or S-parameters, have beendeveloped for this purpose [1]. These S-parametersare defined for single-ended networks. S-parameterscan be used to describe differential networks, but astrict definition was not developed until Bockelmanand others addressed this issue [2]. Bockelman’swork also included a study on how to adapt single-ended S-parameters for use with differential circuits[2]. This adaptation, called “mixed-mode S-parameters,” addresses differential and common-mode operation, as well as the conversion betweenthe two modes of operation.This application note will explain the use of single-ended and mixed-mode S-parameters, and the basicconcepts of microwave measurement calibration.
上傳時間： 2014-03-25
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
用二端口S-參數來表征差分電路的特性■ Sam Belkin差分電路結構因其更好的增益，二階線性度，突出的抗雜散響應以及抗躁聲性能而越來越多地被人們采用。這種電路結構通常需要一個與單端電路相連接的界面，而這個界面常常是采用“巴倫”器件（Balun），這種巴倫器件提供了平衡結構-到-不平衡結構的轉換功能。要通過直接測量的方式來表征平衡電路特性的話，通常需要使用昂貴的四端口矢量網絡分析儀。射頻應用工程師還需要確定幅值和相位的不平衡是如何影響差分電路性能的。遺憾的是，在射頻技術文獻中，很難找到一種能表征電路特性以及衡量不平衡結構所產生影響的好的評估方法。這篇文章的目的就是要幫助射頻應用工程師們通過使用常規的單端二端口矢量網絡分析儀來準確可靠地解決作為他們日常工作的差分電路特性的測量問題。本文介紹了一些用來表征差分電路特性的實用和有效的方法， 特別是差分電壓，共模抑制（CMRR），插入損耗以及基于二端口S-參數的差分阻抗。差分和共模信號在差分電路中有兩種主要的信號類型：差分模式或差分電壓Vdiff 和共模電壓Vcm（見圖2）。它們各自的定義如下[1]：• 差分信號是施加在平衡的3 端子系統中未接地的兩個端子之上的• 共模信號是相等地施加在平衡放大器或其它差分器件的未接地的端子之上。
上傳時間： 2013-10-14
上傳用戶：葉山豪
Agilent AN 154 S-Parameter Design Application Note S參數的設計與應用 The need for new high-frequency, solid-state circuitdesign techniques has been recognized both by microwaveengineers and circuit designers. These engineersare being asked to design solid state circuitsthat will operate at higher and higher frequencies.The development of microwave transistors andAgilent Technologies’ network analysis instrumentationsystems that permit complete network characterizationin the microwave frequency rangehave greatly assisted these engineers in their work.The Agilent Microwave Division’s lab staff hasdeveloped a high frequency circuit design seminarto assist their counterparts in R&D labs throughoutthe world. This seminar has been presentedin a number of locations in the United States andEurope.From the experience gained in presenting this originalseminar, we have developed a four-part videotape, S-Parameter Design Seminar. While the technologyof high frequency circuit design is everchanging, the concepts upon which this technologyhas been built are relatively invariant.The content of the S-Parameter Design Seminar isas follows:
標簽： S參數
上傳時間： 2013-12-19
上傳用戶：aa54
s參數計算器,S11,S12,S22,S21的參數，一算變知，非常方便。
上傳時間： 2013-11-21
上傳用戶：432234
Vmlab是AVR系列單片機的一個純軟件模擬仿真工具。 從V3.12開始，它變成了免費的版本。Vmlab還能仿真ST62系列的單片機。
上傳時間： 2014-12-31
上傳用戶：啊颯颯大師的
本書針對AVR系列單片機,詳細介紹了單片機的結構原理、指令系統、內部資源和外部擴展功能等內容。
上傳時間： 2013-10-23
上傳用戶：sssnaxie
基于LPCEB2000-S的SPI程序
上傳時間： 2013-11-12
上傳用戶：540750247
串口通迅測試，當收到8個以上字符時就將收到的字符再發送出去，波特率為9600?；贚PCEB2000-S的串口程序
上傳時間： 2013-11-04
上傳用戶：dvfeng
TKScope仿真AVR驅動程序 AVR Studio環境
上傳時間： 2013-11-21
上傳用戶：shus521
摘要：介紹了AVR單片機在控制步進電機方面的應用，對系統的軟件和硬件設計做了說明。這是一個自動翻頁拍照的圖書錄入系統，該系統以ATmega32L為核心，通過ICCV7 for AVR和步進電機的細分驅動器對脈沖頻率進行設定，進而控制翻頁和拍照裝置的精確位置。和傳統的圖書錄入相比，系統具有可靠性高、實用性強、易于操作等特點。
上傳時間： 2013-11-17
上傳用戶：digacha
