The next avatar of the Internet will revolutionize our world. In time, it will
provide us a universal remote control, enabling us to monitor and control
physical OBJECTs located anywhere on the planet, using a smart phone. It will
make the universe around us programmable, allowing us to script the behav-
ior of physical OBJECTs with electronic commands. This book is about such
an emerging new version of the Internet.
Identification is pervasive nowadays in daily life due to many complicated activities such as
bank and library card reading, asset tracking, toll collecting, restricted access to sensitive data
and procedures and target identification. This kind of task can be realized by passwords, bio-
metric data such as fingerprints, barcode, optical character recognition, smart cards and radar.
Radiofrequencyidentification(RFID)isatechniquetoidentifyOBJECTsbyusingradiosystems.
It is a contactless, usually short distance, wireless data transmission and reception technique
for identification of OBJECTs. An RFID system consists of two components: the tag (also called
transponder) and the reader (also called interrogator).
Radio frequency identifi cation (RFID) technology is a wireless communication
technology that enables users to uniquely identify tagged OBJECTs or people.
RFID is rapidly becoming a cost-effective technology. This is in large part
due to the efforts of Wal-Mart and the Department of Defense (DoD) to
incorporate RFID technology into their supply chains. In 2003, with the aim
of enabling pallet-level tracking of inventory, Wal-Mart issued an RFID
mandate requiring its top suppliers to begin tagging pallets and cases, with
Electronic Product Code (EPC) labels. The DoD quickly followed suit and
issued the same mandate to its top 100 suppliers. This drive to incorporate
RFID technology into their supply chains is motivated by the increased ship-
ping, receiving and stocking effi ciency and the decreased costs of labor, storage,
and product loss that pallet-level visibility of inventory can offer.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) is a type of automatic identification systems
which has gained popularity in recent years for being fast and reliable in keeping
track of the individual OBJECTs. In RFID systems, contactless object identification
is achieved using radio signals without the need for physical contact as the case
with other existing identification technologies such as barcodes. Therefore, a huge
number of items can be identified in a short amount of time with high reliability
and low cost which makes the RFID technology very attractive for a wide range of
applications such as supply chain management, e-health, monitoring humans, pets,
animals, and many other OBJECTs, toll control, and electrical tagging. Furthermore,
RFID technology eliminates the human error and reduces the total cost of the
products.
Internet of Things (IoT) [26] is a new networking paradigm for cyber-physical
systems that allow physical OBJECTs to collect and exchange data. In the IoT, physical
OBJECTs and cyber-agents can be sensed and controlled remotely across existing
network infrastructure, which enables the integration between the physical world
and computer-based systems and therefore extends the Internet into the real world.
IoT can find numerous applications in smart housing, environmental monitoring,
medical and health care systems, agriculture, transportation, etc. Because of its
significant application potential, IoT has attracted a lot of attention from both
academic research and industrial development.
Radio frequency identification (RFID) and Wireless sensor networks (WSN) are
the two key wireless technologies that have diversified applications in the present
and the upcoming systems in this area. RFID is a wireless automated recognition
technology which is primarily used to recognize OBJECTs or to follow their posi-
tion without providing any sign about the physical form of the substance. On the
other hand, WSN not only offers information about the state of the substance
and environment but also enables multi-hop wireless communications.
With more than two billion terminals in commercial operation world-wide, wire-
less and mobile technologies have enabled a first wave of pervasive communication
systems and applications. Still, this is only the beginning as wireless technologies
such as RFID are currently contemplated with a deployment potential of tens of
billions of tags and a virtually unlimited application potential. A recent ITU report
depicts a scenario of “Internet of things” — a world in which billions of OBJECTs will
report their location, identity, and history over wireless connections.
To a quantum mechanic the whole universe is one godawful big interacting wavefunction ?
but to the rest of us, it’s a world full of separate and distinguishable OBJECTs that hurt us
when we kick them. At a few months of age, human children recognize OBJECTs, expect
them to be permanent and move continuously, and display surprise when they aren’t or
don’t. We associate visual, tactile, and in some cases audible and olfactory sensations with
identifiable physical things. We’re hardwired to understand our environment as being
composed of separable things with specific properties and locations. We understand the
world in terms of what was where when.
溫度控制如今已成為當(dāng)代社會研究的熱點之一,而溫度檢測在現(xiàn)代設(shè)備參數(shù)檢測中也是一項極其重要的技術(shù),應(yīng)用十分廣泛。與傳統(tǒng)的測溫方法相比,紅外測溫方法具有時間短、精度高、使用簡單方便等優(yōu)點。本文以環(huán)境溫度為被測對象,設(shè)計了以STC89C52單片機為控制中心的紅外測溫裝置,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對目標(biāo)溫度的實時采集、處理、顯示和報警等功能。本設(shè)計主要是由STC89C52單片機、紅外測溫傳感器、LCD1602液晶顯示器、按鍵和蜂鳴器等部分組成,采用非接觸的方式對目標(biāo)溫度進行實時檢測。Temperature control has become one of the hotspots in contemporary social research,and temperature detection is an extremely important technology in modern equipment parameter detection.Compared with traditional method,the infrared temperature measuring method has advantages of short time,high precision and convenient operation,etc.This paper consider environment temperature as research OBJECTs and designs an infrared temperature measuring device which employs the STC89C52singlechipas-control center,and it can realize timely collection,processing,display and alarm function of the target temperature.The design is mainly composed of STC89C52 singlechip,infrared temperature sensor,LCD1602monitor,keys and buzzer,etc.This design detects the target temperature by non-contact method.
