普通GPS接收機在特殊環境下，如在高樓林立的城市中心，林木遮擋的森林公路，特別是在隧道和室內環境的情況下，由于衛星信號非常微弱，載噪比（Carrier Noise Ratio，C/No）通常都在34dB-Hz以下，很難有效捕獲到衛星信號，導致無法正常定位。惡劣條件下的定位有廣闊的發展和應用前景，特別是在交通事故、火災和地震等極端環境下，快速準確定位當事者所處位置對于降低事態損失和營救受傷者是極為重要的。歐美和日本等發達國家也都制定了相應的提高惡劣條件下高靈敏度定位能力的發展政策。而高靈敏度GPS接收機定位的關鍵在于GPS微弱信號的處理。 本課題的主要研究內容是針對GPS微弱信號改進處理方法。針對傳統GPS接收機信號捕獲中的串行搜索方法提出了基于批處理的微弱信號捕獲方法,來提高低信噪比情況下微弱信號的捕獲能力，實現快速高靈敏度的準確捕獲；針對捕獲微弱信號處理大量數據導致的運算量激增，運用雙塊零拓展(Double Block Zero Padding，DBZP)處理方法減少運算量同時縮短捕獲時間。針對傳統GPS接收機延遲鎖相環跟蹤算法提出了基于卡爾曼濾波的新型捕獲算法，減小延遲鎖相環失鎖造成的信號跟蹤丟失概率，來提高惡劣環境下低信噪比信號的跟蹤能力，實現微弱信號的連續可靠跟蹤。通過提高GPS微弱信號的捕獲與跟蹤能力，進而使GPS接收機在惡劣環境下衛星信號微弱時能夠實現較好的定位與導航。 通過擬合GPS接收機實際接收到的原始數據，構造出不同載噪比的數字信號，分別對提出的針對微弱信號的捕獲與跟蹤算法進行仿真比較驗證，結果表明，對接收機后端信號處理部分作出的算法改進使得GPS接收機可以更好的處理微弱信號，并且具有較高的靈敏度和精度。文章同時針對提出的數據處理特征使用FPGA技術對算法主要的數據處理部分進行了初步的構架實現并進行了板級驗證，結果表明，利用FPGA技術可以較好的實現算法的數據處理功能。文章最后給出了結論，通過提出的基于批處理和基于DBZP方法的捕獲算法以及基于卡爾曼濾波的信號跟蹤算法，可以有效地解決微弱GPS信號處理的難題，進而實現微弱信號環境下的定位與導航。
上傳時間： 2013-04-24
上傳用戶：變形金剛
QFN SMT工藝設計指導.pdf 一、基本介紹 QFN（Quad Flat No Lead）是一種相對比較新的IC封裝形式，但由于其獨特的優勢，其應用得到了快速的增長。QFN是一種無引腳封裝，它有利于降低引腳間的自感應系數，在高頻領域的應用優勢明顯。QFN外觀呈正方形或矩形，大小接近于CSP，所以很薄很輕。元件底部具有與底面水平的焊端，在中央有一個大面積裸露焊端用來導熱，圍繞大焊端的外圍四周有實現電氣連接的I/O焊端，I/O焊端有兩種類型：一種只裸露出元件底部的一面，其它部分被封裝在元件內；另一種焊端有裸露在元件側面的部分。 QFN采用周邊引腳方式使PCB布線更靈活，中央裸露的銅焊端提供了良好的導熱性能和電性能。這些特點使QFN在某些對體積、重量、熱性能、電性能要求高的電子產品中得到了重用。 由于QFN是一種較新的IC封裝形式，IPC-SM-782等PCB設計指南上都未包含相關內容，本文可以幫助指導用戶進行QFN的焊盤設計和生產工藝設計。但需要說明的是本文只是提供一些基本知識供參考，用戶需要在實際生產中不斷積累經驗，優化焊盤設計和生產工藝設計方案，以取得令人滿意的焊接效果
上傳時間： 2013-04-24
上傳用戶：吳之波123
FEATURES Unique 1-Wire interface requires only one port pin for communication Multidrop capability simplifies distributed temperature sensing applications Requires No external components Can be powered from data line. Power supply range is 3.0V to 5.5V Zero standby power required Measures temperatures from -55°C to +125°C. Fahrenheit equivalent is -67°F to +257°F ±0.5°C accuracy from -10°C to +85°C Thermometer resolution is programmable from 9 to 12 bits Converts 12-bit temperature to digital word in 750 ms (max.) User-definable, Nonvolatile temperature alarm settings Alarm search command identifies and addresses devices whose temperature is outside of programmed limits (temperature alarm condition) Applications include thermostatic controls, industrial systems, consumer products, thermometers, or any thermally sensitive system
上傳時間： 2013-08-04
上傳用戶：CHENKAI
]本文介紹了如何利用CPLD(復雜可編程邏輯器件)與單片機的結合實現并行I／\r\No(輸入／輸出)接口的擴展。該設計與用8255做并行I／O接口相比，與單片機軟件完全兼容，\r\n同時擁有速度快，功耗低，價格便宜，使用靈活等特點
上傳時間： 2013-08-14
上傳用戶：xa_lgy
Abstract: Alexander Graham Bell patented twisted pair wires in 1881. We still use them today because they work so well. In addition we have the advantage ofincredible computer power within our world. Circuit simulators and filter design programs are available for little or No cost. We combine the twisted pair and lowpassfilters to produce spectacular rejection of radio frequency interference (RFI) and electromagnetic interference (EMI). We also illustrate use of a precision resistorarray to produce a customizable differential amplifier. The precision resistors set the gain and common mode rejection ratios, while we choose the frequencyresponse.
上傳時間： 2014-11-26
上傳用戶：Vici
Recently a new techNology for high voltage Power MOSFETshas been introduced – the CoolMOS™ . Based on thenew device concept of charge compensation the RDS(on) areaproduct for e.g. 600V transistors has been reduced by afactor of 5. The devices show No bipolar current contributionlike the well kNown tail current observed during the turn-offphase of IGBTs. CoolMOS™ virtually combines the lowswitching losses of a MOSFET with the on-state losses of anIGBT.
標簽： COOLMOS
上傳時間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：zhyiroy
This unique guide to designing digital VLSI circuits takes a top-down approach, reflecting the natureof the design process in industry. Starting with architecture design, the book explains the why andhow of digital design, using the physics that designers need to kNow, and No more.Covering system and component aspects, design verification, VHDL modelling, clocking, signalintegrity, layout, electricaloverstress, field-programmable logic, ecoNomic issues, and more, thescope of the book is singularly comprehensive.
標簽： Integrated Digital Circuit Design
上傳時間： 2013-11-04
上傳用戶：life840315
This publication represents the largest LTC commitmentto an application Note to date. No other application Noteabsorbed as much effort, took so long or cost so much.This level of activity is justified by our belief that high speedmoNolithic amplifiers greatly interest users.
標簽： 高速放大器
上傳時間： 2014-01-07
上傳用戶：wfl_yy
Sensors for pressure, load, temperature, acceleration andmany other physical quantities often take the form of aWheatstone bridge. These sensors can be extremely linearand stable over time and temperature. However, mostthings in nature are only linear if you don’t bend them toomuch. In the case of a load cell, Hooke’s law states that thestrain in a material is proportional to the applied stress—as long as the stress is Nowhere near the material’s yieldpoint (the “point of No return” where the material ispermanently deformed).
上傳時間： 2013-11-13
上傳用戶：墻角有棵樹
設計了水聲信號發生系統中的功率放大電路，可將前級電路產生的方波信號轉換為正弦信號，同時進行濾波、功率放大，使其滿足換能器對輸入信號的要求。該電路以單片機AT89C52，集成6階巴特沃思低通濾波芯片MF6以及大功率運算放大器LM12為核心，通過標準RS232接口與PC進行通信，實現信號增益的程控調節，對干擾信號具有良好的抑制作用。經調試該電路工作穩定正常，輸出波形無失真，在輸出功率以及放大增益、波紋系數等方面均滿足設計要求。 This paper presented a design and implementation of underwater acoustic power amplifer. This circuit converted the rectangle signal generated by frontend circuit into the sine signal， then filtered and power amplification， it meets the requirements of the transducer.Included AT89C52， 6th order Butterworth filter MF6， hipower amplififier LM12.Communication with PC through the RS232 port. The signal gain is adjustable and could be remote controlled. It has a good inhibitory effect on the interference signal. After debugged， this circuit works stable， the output waveform has No distortion， it meets the design requirement in outprt power， amplifier gain and ripple factor.
上傳時間： 2013-11-20
上傳用戶：qwe1234
