RFID networks are currently recognized as one a research area of priority. Research activities related to RFID technology have been booming recently. A number of ongoing projects are being funded in Europe, Asia, and North America. According to leading market analysts, the development of the RFID market is projected to increase from approximately $3 billion in 2005 to $25 billion in 2015. Several countries have dedicated innovation programs to support and develop RFID systems and related technologies: the RFID initiative in Taiwan, Ubiquitous Japan and the NSF SBIR program in the USA. The EU has recently advertised its Strategic Research Roadmap concerning the Internet of Things, which first of all refers to the RFID technology before being extended to commu- nicating devices as in M2M (Machine to Machine). In this roadmap, several application domains have been identified:
上傳時(shí)間： 2020-06-08
上傳用戶：shancjb
Recent work has shown that convolutional networks can be substantially deeper, more accurate, and efficient to train if they contain shorter connections between layers close to the input and those close to the output. In this paper, we embrace this observation and introduce the Dense Convo- lutional Network (DenseNet), which connects each layer to every other layer in a feed-forward fashion.
標(biāo)簽： Convolutional Connected Networks Densely
上傳時(shí)間： 2020-06-10
上傳用戶：shancjb
近幾年來，OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)技術(shù)引起了人們的廣泛注意，根據(jù)這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)，很多相關(guān)協(xié)議被提出來。其中WiMax(Wireless MetropolitanArea Networks)代表空中接口滿足IEEE 802.16標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的寬帶無線通信系統(tǒng)，IEEE標(biāo)準(zhǔn)在2004年定義了空中接口的物理層(PHY)，即802.16d協(xié)議。該協(xié)議規(guī)定數(shù)據(jù)傳輸采用突發(fā)模式，調(diào)制方式采用OFDM技術(shù)，傳輸速率較高且實(shí)現(xiàn)方便、成本低廉，已經(jīng)成為首先推廣應(yīng)用的商業(yè)化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 本文主要對(duì)IEEE802.16d OFDM系統(tǒng)物理層進(jìn)行研究，并在XILINX公司的Virtexpro II芯片上實(shí)現(xiàn)了基帶算法。 首先討論了OFDM基本原理及其關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。根據(jù)IEEE802.16d OFDM系統(tǒng)的物理層發(fā)送端流程搭建了基帶仿真鏈路，利用MATLAB/SIMULINK仿真了OFDM系統(tǒng)在有無循環(huán)前綴(CP)、多徑數(shù)目不同等情況下的性能變化。由于同步算法和信道估計(jì)算法計(jì)算量都很大，為了找到適合采用FPGA實(shí)現(xiàn)的算法，分析了同步誤差和不同信道估計(jì)算法對(duì)接收信號(hào)的影響，并結(jié)合計(jì)算量的大小提出了一種新的聯(lián)合同步算法，以及得出了LS信道估計(jì)算法最適合802.16d系統(tǒng)的結(jié)論。 其次，完成了基帶發(fā)射機(jī)和接收機(jī)的FPGA硬件電路實(shí)現(xiàn)。為了使系統(tǒng)的時(shí)鐘頻率更高，采用了流水線的結(jié)構(gòu)。設(shè)計(jì)中采用編寫Verilog程序和使用IP核相結(jié)合的辦法，實(shí)現(xiàn)了新的聯(lián)合同步算法，并且通過簡(jiǎn)化結(jié)構(gòu)，避免了信道估計(jì)算法中的繁瑣除法。利用ISE9. 2i和Modelsim6.Oc軟件平臺(tái)對(duì)程序進(jìn)行設(shè)計(jì)、綜合和仿真，并將仿真結(jié)果和MATLAB軟件計(jì)算結(jié)果相對(duì)比。結(jié)果表明，采用16位數(shù)據(jù)總線可達(dá)到理想的精度。 最后，采用串口通信的方式對(duì)基帶系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證。通過串口通信從功能上表明該系統(tǒng)確實(shí)可行。 關(guān)鍵詞：IEEE802. 16d； OFDM； 同步；信道估計(jì)；基帶系統(tǒng)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-07-31
上傳用戶：1757122702
無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Wireless Sensor Networks，WSN）是由大量傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)組成，這些節(jié)點(diǎn)部署在監(jiān)測(cè)區(qū)域內(nèi)通過無線通信方式，形成的一個(gè)多跳自組織的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。整個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)的作用是協(xié)作地感知、采集和處理網(wǎng)絡(luò)覆蓋區(qū)域中監(jiān)測(cè)對(duì)象的信息，并發(fā)送給觀察者，可廣泛應(yīng)用于環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)、醫(yī)療護(hù)理、軍事、商業(yè)等多個(gè)領(lǐng)域。 媒體訪問控制（Medium Access Control，MAC）協(xié)議處于無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議的物理層和路由層之間，用于在傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)間公平有效地共享通信媒介，對(duì)傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的性能有較大影響。與傳統(tǒng)無線網(wǎng)絡(luò)不同，提高能量效率和可擴(kuò)展性是無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)MAC協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)的主要目標(biāo)。 本文主要闡述基于FPGA對(duì)IEEE802．15．4 MAC層功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)。首先介紹了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)、MAC協(xié)議的設(shè)計(jì)要求以及已有的MAC層協(xié)議，討論了無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)MAC層的主要要求和功能。然后詳細(xì)介紹和分析了IEEE802．15．4的MAC協(xié)議，并在此基礎(chǔ)上，通過NS2平臺(tái)對(duì)MAC層協(xié)議進(jìn)行了仿真，研究不同網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)荷下信道訪問機(jī)制的各個(gè)參數(shù)對(duì)吞吐量，丟包率，傳輸延時(shí)的影響，分析了隱蔽站問題、確認(rèn)幀機(jī)制。 本文對(duì)MAC層中的主要功能，諸如數(shù)據(jù)收發(fā)、幀處理、信道接入方式以及幀檢驗(yàn)等提出了基于FPGA的硬件解決方法。設(shè)計(jì)選用硬件描述語言VerilogHDL，在QuartusⅡ中完成模塊的綜合和布局布線，在QuartusⅡ和Modelsim中進(jìn)行時(shí)序仿真驗(yàn)證，最終下載到自主設(shè)計(jì)Altera公司的Cyclone開發(fā)板中。 對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)的驗(yàn)證采取的是由里及外的方式，先對(duì)系統(tǒng)主模塊的功能進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證，然后下載到與CC2430開發(fā)板相連接的FPGA中對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證測(cè)試。驗(yàn)證流程是功能仿真、時(shí)序仿真和板級(jí)調(diào)試，最終通過測(cè)試，驗(yàn)證了該設(shè)計(jì)的功能。測(cè)試結(jié)果表明，該模塊能滿足無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)低速率應(yīng)用環(huán)境的需要，具有優(yōu)良的擴(kuò)展性能，達(dá)到了預(yù)期的設(shè)計(jì)目標(biāo)。
標(biāo)簽： FPGA MAC 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-06-14
上傳用戶：竺羽翎2222
主要介紹ICCAVR開發(fā)軟件的相關(guān)使用方法-Mainly introduce the development of software-related ICCAVR use
標(biāo)簽： ICCAVR
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-05-20
上傳用戶：diertiantang
交流功率因數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器 特點(diǎn)： 精確度0.25%滿刻度 ±0.25o 多種輸入,輸出選擇 輸入與輸出絕緣耐壓2仟伏特/1分鐘 沖擊電壓測(cè)試5仟伏特(1.2x50us) (IEC255-4,ANSI C37.90a/1974) 突波電壓測(cè)試2.5仟伏特(0.25ms/1MHz) (IEC255-4) 尺寸小，穩(wěn)定性高 主要規(guī)格： 精確度: 0.25% F.S. ±0.25°(23 ±5℃) 輸入負(fù)載: <0.2VA (Voltage) <0.2VA (Current) 最大過載能力: Current related input: 3 x rated continuous 10 x rated 30 sec. 25 x rated 3sec. 50 x rated 1sec. Voltage related input:maximum 2 x rated continuous 輸出反應(yīng)速度: < 250ms(0~90%) 輸出負(fù)載能力: < 10mA for voltage mode < 10V for current mode 輸出之漣波: < 0.1% F.S. 歸零調(diào)整范圍: 0~ ±5% F.S. 最大值調(diào)整范圍: 0~ ±10% F.S. 溫度系數(shù): 100ppm/℃ (0~50℃) 隔離特性: Input/Output/Power/Case 絕緣抗阻: >100Mohm with 500V DC 絕緣耐壓能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/output/power/case) 突波測(cè)試: ANSI C37.90a/1974,DIN-IEC 255-4 impulse voltage 5KV(1.2x50us) 使用環(huán)境條件: -20~60℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環(huán)境條件: -30~70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認(rèn)證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
標(biāo)簽： 交流 功率因數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：thing20
交流電壓，電流轉(zhuǎn)換器 特點(diǎn)： 精確度0.25%滿刻度(RMS) 多種輸入,輸出選擇 輸入與輸出絕緣耐壓2仟伏特/1分鐘 沖擊電壓測(cè)試5仟伏特(1.2x50us) (IEC255-4,ANSI C37.90a/1974) 突波電壓測(cè)試2.5仟伏特(0.25ms/1MHz) (IEC255-4) 尺寸小，穩(wěn)定性高 2:主要規(guī)格 精確度:0.25%F.S.(RMS) (23 ±5℃) 輸入負(fù)載: <0.2VA(voltage) <0.2VA(current) 最大過載能力: Current related input:3 x rated continuous 10 x rated 30 sec. ,25 x rated 3sec. 50 x rated 1sec. Voltage related input:maximum 2x rated continuous 輸出反應(yīng)時(shí)間: <250ms (0~90%) 輸出負(fù)載能力: <10mA for voltage mode <10V for current mode 輸出漣波: <0.1% F.S. 歸零調(diào)整范圍: 0~±5% F.S. 最大值調(diào)整范圍: 0~±10% F.S. 溫度系數(shù): 100ppm/℃ (0~50℃) 隔離特性: Input/Output/Power/Case 絕緣抗阻: >100Mohm with 500V DC 絕緣耐壓能力: 2KVac/1 min. (input/output/power) 行動(dòng)測(cè)試: ANSI C37.90a/1974,DIN-IEC 255-4 impulse voltage 5KV (1.2 x 50us) 突波測(cè)試: 2.5KV-0.25ms/1MHz 使用環(huán)境條件: -20~60℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) 存放環(huán)境條件: -30~70℃(20 to 90% RH non-condensed) CE認(rèn)證: EN 55022:1998/A1:2000 Class A EN 61000-3-2:2000 EN 61000-3-3:1995/A1:2001 EN 55024:1998/A1:2001
標(biāo)簽： 交流電壓 電流轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-09
上傳用戶：非衣2016
Abstract: Specifications such as noise, effective number of bits (ENOB), effective resolution, and noise-free resolution inlarge part define how accurate an ADC really is. Consequently, understanding the performance metrics related to noise isone of the most difficult aspects of transitioning from a SAR to a delta-sigma ADC. With the current demand for higherresolution, designers must develop a better understanding of ADC noise, ENOB, effective resolution, and signal-to-noiseratio (SNR). This application note helps that understanding.
標(biāo)簽： ENOB 模數(shù)轉(zhuǎn)換器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-16
上傳用戶：x18010875091
Abstract: It may sound trite, but it is definitely true: the smart grid has the potential to completely transform the energyindustry. However, smart meters and grid management alone will not ensure the success of the smart grid. Unliketraditional IT networks, smart grids require consideration of energy measurement and security. To completely optimize thistechnology, smart grid designs must focus on energy measurement and security. This tutorial considers the benefits ofboth energy measurement and security and how they make machine-to-machine networks different from traditional IT.
標(biāo)簽： 電能計(jì)量 安全性 智能電網(wǎng)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：皇族傳媒
Abstract: Nonideal cable dispersive effects can affect system performance. This application note discusses the twomain loss effects related to cables (skin-effect and dielectric losses), and presents a simple method of modeling thecable for use in standard SPICE simulators.
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-11-18
上傳用戶：wxnumen
蟲蟲下載站版權(quán)所有 京ICP備2021023401號(hào)-1
<menu id="g08aa"></menu>