半導體的產品很多,應用的場合非常廣泛,圖一是常見的幾種半導體元件外型。半導體元件一般是以接腳形式或外型來劃分類別,圖一中不同類別的英文縮寫名稱原文為 PDID:Plastic Dual Inline Package SOP:Small Outline Package SOJ:Small Outline J-Lead Package PLCC:Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier QFP:Quad Flat Package PGA:Pin Grid Array BGA:Ball Grid Array 雖然半導體元件的外型種類很多,在電路板上常用的組裝方式有二種,一種是插入電路板的銲孔或腳座,如PDIP、PGA,另一種是貼附在電路板表面的銲墊上,如SOP、SOJ、PLCC、QFP、BGA。 從半導體元件的外觀,只看到從包覆的膠體或陶瓷中伸出的接腳,而半導體元件真正的的核心,是包覆在膠體或陶瓷內一片非常小的晶片,透過伸出的接腳與外部做資訊傳輸。圖二是一片EPROM元件,從上方的玻璃窗可看到內部的晶片,圖三是以顯微鏡將內部的晶片放大,可以看到晶片以多條銲線連接四周的接腳,這些接腳向外延伸並穿出膠體,成為晶片與外界通訊的道路。請注意圖三中有一條銲線從中斷裂,那是使用不當引發過電流而燒毀,致使晶片失去功能,這也是一般晶片遭到損毀而失效的原因之一。 圖四是常見的LED,也就是發光二極體,其內部也是一顆晶片,圖五是以顯微鏡正視LED的頂端,可從透明的膠體中隱約的看到一片方型的晶片及一條金色的銲線,若以LED二支接腳的極性來做分別,晶片是貼附在負極的腳上,經由銲線連接正極的腳。當LED通過正向電流時,晶片會發光而使LED發亮,如圖六所示。 半導體元件的製作分成兩段的製造程序,前一段是先製造元件的核心─晶片,稱為晶圓製造;後一段是將晶中片加以封裝成最後產品,稱為IC封裝製程,又可細分成晶圓切割、黏晶、銲線、封膠、印字、剪切成型等加工步驟,在本章節中將簡介這兩段的製造程序。
上傳時間: 2013-11-04
上傳用戶:372825274
1. PL/0 語言介紹 ●PL/0 程序設計語言是一個較簡單的語言,它以賦值語句為基礎,構造概念有順序、條件和重復(循環)三種。PL/0 有子程序概念,包括過程定義(可以嵌套)與調用且有局部變量說明。PL/0語言編譯程序采用以語法分析為核心、一遍掃描的編譯方法。詞法分析和代碼生成作為獨立的子程序供語法分析程序調用。語法分析的同時,提供了出錯報告和出錯恢復的功能。在源程序沒有錯誤編譯通過的情況下,調用類PCODE解釋程序解釋執行生成的類PCODE代碼。 ●保留字(關鍵字):所謂保留字是指在Pascal語言中具有特定的含義。標準Pascal語言中的保留字一共有35個,Turbo Pascal語言一共有51個。下面是Pascal語言的保留字:AND,ARRAY,BEGIN,CASE,CONST,DIV,DO,DOWNTO,ELSE,END,FILE,FOR,FUNTION,GOTO,IF,IN,LABEL,MOD,NIL,NOT,OF,OR,PACKED,PROCEDURE,PROGRAM,RECORD,REPEAT,SET,THEN,TO,TYPE,UNTIL,VAR,WHILE,WITH,EXPORTS,SHR,STRING,ASM,OBJECT,UNIT,CONSTRUCTOR,IMPLEMENTATION,DESTRUCTOR,USES,INHERITED,Inline,INTERFACE,LIBRARY,XOR,SHL
上傳時間: 2015-07-17
上傳用戶:zm7516678
DWT變換源代碼,As a special exception, you may use this file as part of a free software library without restriction. Specifically, if other files instantiate templates or use macros or Inline functions from this file, or you compile this file and link it with other files to produce an executable, this file does not by itself cause the resulting executable to be covered by the GNU General Public License. This exception does not however invalidate any other reasons why the executable file might be covered by the GNU General Public License.
上傳時間: 2014-12-05
上傳用戶:ynsnjs
Open-source, free, multi-platform BASIC compiler, with syntax similar MS-QuickBASIC (including the GFX statements), that adds new features such as pointers, unsigned data types, Inline assembly, a pre-processor and many others.
標簽: multi-platform MS-QuickBASIC Open-source including
上傳時間: 2017-05-06
上傳用戶:cursor
對于hook,從ring3有很多,ring3到ring0也有很多,根據api調用環節遞進的順序,在每一個環節都有hook的機會,可以有int 2e或者sysenter hook,ssdt hook,Inline hook ,irp hook,object hook,idt hook等等
標簽: hook
上傳時間: 2013-12-28
上傳用戶:ggwz258
軟件開發人員必備工具書,,目錄如下Welcome to Software Construction [1]1.1 What Is Software Construction?1.2 Why Is Software Construction Important?1.3 How to Read This Book......7.1 Valid Reasons to Create a Routine7.2 Design at the Routine Level7.3 Good Routine Names7.4 How Long Can a Routine Be?7.5 How to Use Routine Parameters7.6 Special Considerations in the Use of Functions7.7 Macro Routines and Inline RoutinesDefensive Programming [5.6 + new material]8.1 Protecting Your Program From Invalid Inputs8.2 Assertions8.3 Error Handling Techniques8.4 Exceptions8.5 Barricade Your Program to Contain the Damage Caused by Errors8.6 Debugging Aids8.7 Determining How Much Defensive Programming to Leave in Production Code8.8 Being Defensive About Defensive ProgrammingThe Pseudocode Programming Process [4+new material]9.1 Summary of Steps in Building Classes and Routines9.2 Pseudocode for Pros9.3 Constructing Routines Using the PPP9.4 Alternatives to the PPP......
上傳時間: 2021-12-08
上傳用戶:20125101110