A MATLAB program has been written to investigate Orthogonal Frequency Division
Multiplexing (OFDM) communication systems. This program is valuable for future researchers
simulating systems that are too theoretically complex to analyze. Single-carrier QAM and multicarrier
OFDM are compared to demonstrate the strength of OFDM in multipath channels. Two
graphical user interface demonstrations show some of the basic concepts of OFDM.
OSCILLATORS are key building blocks in integrated transceivers. In wired and
wireless communication terminals, the receiver front-end selects, amplifies and
converts the desired high-frequency signal to baseband. At baseband the signal can
then be converted into the digital domain for further data processing and demodula-
tion. The transmitter front-end converts an analog baseband signal to a suitable high-
frequency signal that can be transmitted over the wired or wireless channel.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been shown to be
an effective technique to combat multipath fading in wireless channels. It
has been and is going to be used in various wireless communication systems.
This book gives a comprehensive introduction on the theory and practice of
OFDM for wireless communications.
There is an unprecedented enthusiasm for radio frequency
identification (RFID) technologies today. RFID is based on the
exchange of information carried by electromagnetic waves between a
label, or tag, and a reader. This technology is currently in full
economic expansion, which has manifested itself in widely backed
research activities, some of which will be examined in this book.
射頻識別(Radio Frequency Identification，RFID)是一種允許非接觸式數(shù)據(jù)采集的自動識別技術(shù)。其中工作在超高頻(Ultra High Frequency，UHF)頻段的無源RFID系統(tǒng)，由于在物流與供應(yīng)鏈管理等領(lǐng)域的潛在應(yīng)用，近年來得到了人們的廣泛關(guān)注。這種系統(tǒng)所使用的無源標簽具有識別距離長、體積小、成本低廉等突出特點。目前在市場上出現(xiàn)了各種品牌型號的UHF RFID無源標簽，由于不同品牌型號的標簽在設(shè)計與制造工藝上的差異，這些標簽在性能表現(xiàn)上各不相同，這就給終端用戶選擇合適自己應(yīng)用的標簽帶來了困難。RFID基準測試就是在實際部署RFID系統(tǒng)前對RFID標簽的性能進行科學評估的有效手段。然而為了在常規(guī)實驗室條件下得到準確公正的測試結(jié)果，需要對基準測試的性能指標及測試方法學開展進一步的研究。本文正是研究符合EPC Class1 Gen2標準的RFID標簽基準測試。 本文首先分析了當前廣泛應(yīng)用的超高頻無源RFID標簽基準測試性能指標與測試方法上的局限性與不足之處。例如，在真實的應(yīng)用環(huán)境中，由于受到各種環(huán)境因素的影響，對同一品牌型號的標簽，很難得到一致的識讀距離測試結(jié)果。另外，在某些測試場景中，使用識讀速率作為測試指標，所得到的測試結(jié)果數(shù)值非常接近，以致分辨度不足以區(qū)分不同品牌型號標簽的性能差異。在這些分析基礎(chǔ)上，本文把路徑損耗引入了RFID基準測試，通過有限點的測量與數(shù)據(jù)擬合分別得到不同類型標簽的路徑損耗方程，結(jié)合讀寫器天線的輻射方向圖，進一步得到各種標簽受限于讀寫器接收靈敏度的覆蓋區(qū)域。無源標簽由于其被動式能量獲取方式，其實際工作區(qū)域仍然受限于前向鏈路。本文通過實驗測試出這些標簽的最小激活功率后，得出了各種標簽在一定讀寫器發(fā)射功率下的激活區(qū)域。完成這些步驟后，根據(jù)這兩種區(qū)域的交集可以確定標簽的工作區(qū)域，從而進行標簽間的比較并達到基準測試的目的，并能找出限制標簽工作范圍的瓶頸。 本文最后從功率損耗的角度研究了標簽之間的相互干擾，為用戶在密集部署RFID標簽的場景中設(shè)置標簽之間的最小間隔距離具有重要的參考意義。
