當(dāng)執(zhí)行機(jī)構(gòu)需要的不是控制量的絕對(duì)值，而是控制量的增量（例如去驅(qū)動(dòng) 步進(jìn)電動(dòng)機(jī)）時(shí)，需要用PID的“增量算法”。 增量式PID控制算法可以通過(guò)（2-4）式推導(dǎo)出。由(2-4)可以得到控制器 的第k-1個(gè)采樣時(shí)刻的輸出值為：
標(biāo)簽： PID 51單片機(jī) 增量式 控制算法
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-11
上傳用戶：waizhang
為提高電容測(cè)量精度，針對(duì)電容式傳感器的工作原理設(shè)計(jì)了基于PIC16LF874單片機(jī)電容測(cè)量模塊。簡(jiǎn)單闡述了電容測(cè)量電路的應(yīng)用背景和國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，介紹了美國(guó)Microchip公司PIC16LF874單片機(jī)的特性。電容式傳感器輸出的動(dòng)態(tài)微弱電容信號(hào)通過(guò)PS021型電容數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器把模擬量數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量數(shù)據(jù)，所測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)由PIC16LF874單片機(jī)應(yīng)用程序進(jìn)行處理、顯示和保存。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，固定電容標(biāo)稱值為10~20 pF 的測(cè)量值相對(duì)誤差在1%以內(nèi)，同時(shí)也可知被測(cè)電容容值越大，測(cè)量值和標(biāo)稱值相對(duì)誤差越小。 Abstract: To improve the accuracy of capacitance measurement，aimed at the principle of work of mercury capacitance acceleration transducer，the design of micro capacitance measurement circuit is based on the key PIC16LF874 chip. Briefly discusses the application of the capacitance measuring circuit for the background and status of foreign researchers，focusing on the United States PIC16LF874 microcontroller features. Capacitive sensor outputed signal through the dynamics of weak PS021-chip capacitors （capacitancedigital converter） to convert analog data into digital data，the measured data from the PIC16LF874 microcontroller application process， display and preservation. Experimental results show that the fixed capacitor 10pF ~ 20pF nominal value of the measured value of relative error is within 1%，but also it canbe seen the value of the measured capacitance larger，measuring value and the nominal value of relative error smaller.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-29
上傳用戶：wojiaohs
首先研究CAN總線和SAE J1939協(xié)議，提出一種基于MC9S12HZ256微控制器的總線式汽車(chē)數(shù)字儀表解決方案。詳細(xì)介紹SAE J1939協(xié)議的報(bào)文幀格式及應(yīng)用層協(xié)議中發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)相關(guān)參數(shù)的定義，以及步進(jìn)電機(jī)及其驅(qū)動(dòng)和車(chē)速信號(hào)的處理方法。該數(shù)字儀表系統(tǒng)硬件平臺(tái)由微處理器和信號(hào)采集和信息處理及顯示等模塊組成。軟件設(shè)計(jì)部分編程實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)CAN總線和各傳感器數(shù)據(jù)的讀取、處理。該系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崟r(shí)反映車(chē)輛工況。 Abstract: In this paper，CAN bus and SAE J1939protocol are researched，and a vehicle digital instrument solution based on MC9S12HZ256MCU is proposed.The message frame format and some engine-related parameters’definition in SAE J1939application layer protocol are introduced in detail.Stepper motor and its driver，the methods of speed signal process-ing are also introduced.The hardware platform of vehicle digital instrument is composed by MCU，signal acquisition mod-ule，and signal processing and displaying module.Data receiving and processing from CAN bus and sensors are accom-plished by programming，and vehicle condition can be reflected in real-time.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-20
上傳用戶：huannan88
摘要：本文介紹應(yīng)用PIC16C57單片機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的一種可編程、高性能的數(shù)碼式樓宇對(duì)講系統(tǒng)，詳細(xì)闡明了有關(guān)工作原理和關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。本系統(tǒng)充分應(yīng)用PIC單片機(jī)的軟硬件資源,具有可編程、電路簡(jiǎn)單、功能強(qiáng)大等優(yōu)點(diǎn),在安居工程、樓宇技防系統(tǒng)等領(lǐng)域具有廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。 關(guān)鍵詞：PIC 單片機(jī) 樓宇對(duì)講 編碼 譯碼 可編程
標(biāo)簽： PIC 單片機(jī) 中的應(yīng)用 可編程
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-14
上傳用戶：hj_18
針對(duì)材料試驗(yàn)機(jī)等設(shè)備中要求測(cè)量或控制材料拉伸或壓縮的位移，一般采用光電軸角編碼器檢測(cè)位置信號(hào)，輸出正交編碼脈沖信號(hào)。若采用其他方法檢測(cè)位置信號(hào)，必然導(dǎo)致電路設(shè)計(jì)復(fù)雜，可靠性降低。因此，提出一種基于LS7266R1的電子式萬(wàn)能材料試驗(yàn)機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)方案。給出了試驗(yàn)機(jī)中的控制器工作原理，LS7266R1與單片機(jī)的接口硬件設(shè)計(jì)，以及主程序軟件流程圖。巧妙地把力量傳感器，位移傳感器等機(jī)械運(yùn)動(dòng)狀態(tài)的壓力或拉力以及位置坐標(biāo)，變成了電壓信號(hào)和電脈沖數(shù)字信號(hào)，供A/D測(cè)量和LS7266R1計(jì)數(shù)，從而實(shí)現(xiàn)了獨(dú)立完成材料試驗(yàn)控制或通過(guò)PC機(jī)串口命令完成材料試驗(yàn)控制。 Abstract: Aiming at the requirement that the displacement of the tension and compression always be tested and controlled in the equipement such as material testing machine. The position signal was tested by photoelectric axial angle coder. Therefore， the paper proposes the design of electronic universal testing machine design based on LS7266R1. If the position signal detected by other methods， will inevitably lead to the circuit design complexity， reliability decreased. The work theory of the controller， the hardware interface design between LS7266R1 and single chip， and the flow chart of main program， are presented in this paper. The signal of the compression or tension power and displacement at working， which tested by power sensor and displacement sensor especially， is changed into electric voltage and electric pulse numerical signals. And these signals can be tested by A/D and counted by LS7266R1. Finally the test of the material properties can be controlled by itself， or controlled by the COM command of PC.
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-02
上傳用戶：yl1140vista
為解決傳統(tǒng)可視倒車(chē)?yán)走_(dá)視頻字符疊加器結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，可靠性差，成本高昂等問(wèn)題，在可視倒車(chē)?yán)走_(dá)設(shè)計(jì)中采用視頻字符發(fā)生器芯片MAX7456。該芯片集成了所有用于產(chǎn)生用戶定義OSD，并將其插入視頻信號(hào)中所需的全部功能，僅需少量的外圍阻容元件即可正常工作。給出了以MAX7456為核心的可視倒車(chē)?yán)走_(dá)的軟、硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)方案及設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例。該方案具有電路結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單、價(jià)格低廉、符合人體視覺(jué)習(xí)慣的特點(diǎn)。經(jīng)實(shí)際裝車(chē)測(cè)試，按該方案設(shè)計(jì)的可視倒車(chē)?yán)走_(dá)視場(chǎng)清晰、提示字符醒目、工作可靠，可有效降低駕駛員倒車(chē)時(shí)的工作強(qiáng)度、減少倒車(chē)事故的發(fā)生。 Abstract: A new video and text generation chip，MAX7456，was used in the design of video parking sensor in order to simplify system structure，improve reliability and reduce cost. This chip included all the necessary functions to generate user-defined OSDs and to add them into the video signals. It could be put into work with addition of just a small number of resistances and capacitors. This paper provided software and hardware implementation solutions and design example based on the chip. The system had the characteristics of simplicity in circuit structure，lower cost，and comfort for the nature of human vision. Loading road test demonstrates high video and text display quality and reliable performance，which makes the driver easy to see backward and reduces chance of accidents.
標(biāo)簽： 7456 MAX 可視倒車(chē) 中的應(yīng)用
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-12-10
上傳用戶：qiaoyue
將現(xiàn)行的供暖計(jì)費(fèi)方式由按建筑面積計(jì)費(fèi)變?yōu)榘聪牡臒崮苡?jì)費(fèi)是供暖計(jì)費(fèi)方式發(fā)展趨勢(shì)，為了滿足這一計(jì)費(fèi)方式變化的需要，設(shè)計(jì)了基于IC卡的預(yù)付費(fèi)式新型供暖計(jì)費(fèi)系統(tǒng)，通過(guò)測(cè)量用戶采暖系統(tǒng)進(jìn)出口的溫度和流量，計(jì)算用戶消耗的熱能，利用IC卡記錄用戶預(yù)付費(fèi)的金額和當(dāng)年熱能的單價(jià)，根據(jù)熱能消耗和當(dāng)年熱能的單價(jià)計(jì)算用戶采暖費(fèi)，根據(jù)實(shí)際發(fā)生的供暖費(fèi)用和預(yù)付費(fèi)金額控制供暖的開(kāi)停，這一計(jì)費(fèi)方式的變化使供暖計(jì)費(fèi)更趨合理。 Abstract: It is trend that the mode of heat charging is changed from billing by building area to by thermal energy. In order to meet the needs of heat charging mode changing， a new system of heat charging based on IC card is proposed. The user?蒺s energy consumption is calculated by measuring the user inlet and outlet temperature and flow，using the IC card to record the prepaid amount and the current price of heat. The user?蒺s heating costs is calculated according to energy consumption and current price， according to actual heating costs and prepaid amount，the system controls the heating opening or stopping. It is more reasonable that calculated heating costs by user heat consumption
標(biāo)簽： IC卡 計(jì)費(fèi) 系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-14
上傳用戶：大融融rr
設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)了一種基于MSP430系列超低功耗單片機(jī)的新型高精度自控式骨矯形器，介紹了系統(tǒng)的總體設(shè)計(jì)及硬件軟件設(shè)計(jì)。試驗(yàn)表明，該骨矯形器可實(shí)現(xiàn)自控內(nèi)固定、牽張、回縮及加壓固定功能，且功耗低、操控簡(jiǎn)單、控制精度高、安全可靠。
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-16
上傳用戶：1427796291
介紹了一款可以同時(shí)讀寫(xiě)接觸式卡和非接觸式卡的多功能讀卡器，詳細(xì)闡述了射頻芯片PN532和主控芯片ST2211的外圍硬件電路和整個(gè)讀卡器的軟件構(gòu)架。同時(shí)對(duì)讀卡器電源管理、低功耗設(shè)計(jì)、多通信方式融合等進(jìn)行了較詳細(xì)的分析
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-23
上傳用戶：chongchongsunnan
摘要：研究了用單片機(jī)控制的單相后備式方波輸出UPS的控制技術(shù)及實(shí)現(xiàn)，分析了系統(tǒng)的工作原理，給出了硬件實(shí)現(xiàn)電路和算法框圖，并測(cè)出了市電逆變相互轉(zhuǎn)換等主要實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果。關(guān)鍵詞：不間斷電源；單片機(jī)；推挽變換器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-28
上傳用戶：1051290259
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