MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令A(yù)表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令d表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令c表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令i表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令j表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令l表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令m表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令n表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令i表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令s表MCS-51系列單片機(jī)指令x表
上傳時(shí)間： 2014-03-27
上傳用戶：chengxin
微型計(jì)算機(jī)課程設(shè)計(jì)論文—通用微機(jī)發(fā)聲程序的匯編設(shè)計(jì) 本文講述了在微型計(jì)算機(jī)中利用可編程時(shí)間間隔定時(shí)器的通用發(fā)聲程序設(shè)計(jì)，重點(diǎn)講述了程序的發(fā)聲原理，節(jié)拍的產(chǎn)生，按節(jié)拍改變的動(dòng)畫程序原理，并以設(shè)計(jì)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的樂曲評(píng)分程序?yàn)橐樱治龀绦蛟O(shè)計(jì)的細(xì)節(jié)。關(guān)鍵字：微機(jī) 8253 通用發(fā)聲程序 動(dòng)畫技術(shù) 直接寫屏 1. 可編程時(shí)間間隔定時(shí)器8253在通用個(gè)人計(jì)算機(jī)中，有一個(gè)可編程時(shí)間間隔定時(shí)器8253，它能夠根據(jù)程序提供的計(jì)數(shù)值和工作方式,產(chǎn)生各種形狀和各種頻率的計(jì)數(shù)/定時(shí)脈沖,提供給系統(tǒng)各個(gè)部件使用。本設(shè)計(jì)是利用計(jì)算機(jī)控制發(fā)聲的原理,編寫演奏樂曲的程序。 在8253/54定時(shí)器內(nèi)部有3個(gè)獨(dú)立工作的計(jì)數(shù)器:計(jì)數(shù)器0,計(jì)數(shù)器1和計(jì)數(shù)器2,每個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器都分配有一個(gè)斷口地址,分別為40H,41H和42H.8253/54內(nèi)部還有一個(gè)公用的控制寄存器,端地址為43H.端口地址輸入到8253/54的CS,AL,A0端,分別對(duì)3個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器和控制器尋址. 對(duì)8353/54編程時(shí),先要設(shè)定控制字,以選擇計(jì)數(shù)器,確定工作方式和計(jì)數(shù)值的格式.每計(jì)數(shù)器由三個(gè)引腳與外部聯(lián)系,見教材第320頁圖9-1.CLK為時(shí)鐘輸入端,GATE為門控信號(hào)輸入端,OUT為計(jì)數(shù)/定時(shí)信號(hào)輸入端.每個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器中包含一個(gè)16位計(jì)數(shù)寄存器,這個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器時(shí)以倒計(jì)數(shù)的方式計(jì)數(shù)的,也就是說,從計(jì)數(shù)初值逐次減1,直到減為0為止. 8253/54的三個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器是分別編程的,在對(duì)任一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器編程時(shí),必須首先講控制字節(jié)寫入控制寄存器.控制字的作用是告訴8253/54選擇哪個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)器工作,要求輸出什么樣的脈沖波形.另外,對(duì)8253/54的初始化工作還包括,向選定的計(jì)數(shù)器輸入一個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)初值,因?yàn)檫@個(gè)計(jì)數(shù)值可以是8為的,也可以是16為的,而8253/5的數(shù)據(jù)總線是8位的,所以要用兩條輸出指令來寫入初值.下面給出8253/54初始化程序段的一個(gè)例子,將計(jì)數(shù)器2設(shè)定為方式3,(關(guān)于計(jì)數(shù)器的工作方式參閱教材第325—330頁)計(jì)數(shù)初值為65536. MOV AL,10110110B ;選擇計(jì)數(shù)器2,按方式3工作,計(jì)數(shù)值是二進(jìn)制格式 OUT 43H,AL ; j將控制字送入控制寄存器 MOV AL,0 ;計(jì)數(shù)初值為0 OUT 42H,AL ;將計(jì)數(shù)初值的低字節(jié)送入計(jì)數(shù)器2 OUT 42H,AL ;將計(jì)數(shù)初值的高字節(jié)送入計(jì)數(shù)器2 在IBM PC中8253/54的三個(gè)時(shí)鐘端CLK0,CLK1和CLK2的輸入頻率都是1.1931817MHZ. PC機(jī)上的大多數(shù)I/O都是由主板上的8255(或8255A)可編程序外圍接口芯片(PPI)管理的.關(guān)于8255A的結(jié)構(gòu)和工作原理及應(yīng)用舉例參閱教材第340—373頁.教材第364頁的”PC/XT機(jī)中的揚(yáng)聲器接口電路”一節(jié)介紹了揚(yáng)聲器的驅(qū)動(dòng)原理,并給出了通用發(fā)聲程序.本設(shè)計(jì)正是基于這個(gè)原理,通過編程,控制加到揚(yáng)聲器上的信號(hào)的頻率,奏出樂曲的.2．發(fā)聲程序的設(shè)計(jì)下面是能產(chǎn)生頻率為f的通用發(fā)聲程序:MOV AL, 10110110B ;8253控制字:通道2,先寫低字節(jié),后寫高字節(jié) ;方式3,二進(jìn)制計(jì)數(shù)OUT 43H, AL ;寫入控制字MOV DX, 0012H ;被除數(shù)高位MOV AX, 35DEH ;被除數(shù)低位 DIV ID ;求計(jì)數(shù)初值n,結(jié)果在AX中OUT 42H, AL ;送出低8位MOV AL, AHOUT 42H,AL ;送出高8位IN AL, 61H ;讀入8255A端口B的內(nèi)容MOV AH, AL ;保護(hù)B口的原狀態(tài)OR AL, 03H ;使B口后兩位置1,其余位保留OUT 61H,AL ;接通揚(yáng)聲器,使它發(fā)聲
標(biāo)簽： 微型計(jì)算機(jī) 發(fā)聲程序 論文 微機(jī)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-17
上傳用戶：sunjet
通用的多電源總線，如VME、VXI 和PCI 總線，都可提供功率有限的3.3V、5V 和±12V（或±24V）電源，如果在這些系統(tǒng)中添加設(shè)備（如插卡等），則需要額外的3.3V或5V電源，這個(gè)電源通常由負(fù)載較輕的-12V電源提供。圖1 電路，將-12V 電壓升壓到15.3V（相對(duì)于-12V 電壓），進(jìn)而得到3.3V 的電源電壓，輸出電流可達(dá)300mA。Q2 將3.3V 電壓轉(zhuǎn)換成適當(dāng)?shù)碾妷海?10.75V）反饋給IC1 的FB 引腳，PWM 升壓控制器可提供1W 的輸出功率，轉(zhuǎn)換效率為83%。整個(gè)電路大約占6.25Cm2的線路板尺寸，適用于依靠臺(tái)式PC機(jī)電源供電，需要提供1W輸出功率的應(yīng)用，這種應(yīng)用中，由于-12V總線電壓限制在1.2W以內(nèi)，因此需要保證高于83%的轉(zhuǎn)換效率。由于限流電阻（RSENSE）將峰值電流限制在120mA，N 溝道MOSFET（Q1）可選用廉價(jià)的邏輯電平驅(qū)動(dòng)型場(chǎng)效應(yīng)管，R1、R2 設(shè)置輸出電壓（3.3V 或5V）。IC1 平衡端（Pin5）的反饋電壓高于PGND引腳（Pin7）1.25V，因此：VFB = -12V + 1.25V = - 10.75V選擇電阻R1后，可確定：I2 = 1.25V / R1 = 1.25V / 12.1kΩ = 103μA可由下式確定R2：R2 = （VOUT - VBE）/ I2 =（3.3V - 0.7V）/ 103μA = 25.2 kΩ圖1 中，IC1 的開關(guān)頻率允許通過外部電阻設(shè)置，頻率范圍為100kHz 至500kHz，有利于RF、數(shù)據(jù)采集模塊等產(chǎn)品的設(shè)計(jì)。當(dāng)選擇較高的開關(guān)頻率時(shí)，能夠保證較高的轉(zhuǎn)換效率，并可選用較小的電感和電容。為避免電流倒流，可在電路中增加一個(gè)與R1串聯(lián)的二極管。
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-17
上傳用戶：jixingjie
計(jì)算機(jī)應(yīng)用中，有時(shí)需處理的信息不是數(shù)字量，而是一些隨時(shí)間連續(xù)變化的模擬量，甚至是一些非電量，如溫度、壓力、速度等。模擬量的存儲(chǔ)處理困難。首先將非電的模擬信號(hào)變成與之對(duì)應(yīng)的模擬電信號(hào)，這要通過各種傳感器來完成。計(jì)算機(jī)可處理的信息均是數(shù)字量（電脈沖信號(hào)）1和0，必須把要處理的模擬電量轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字化的電信號(hào)，這需要模擬(Analog)與數(shù)字(Digital)轉(zhuǎn)換電路。數(shù)字到模擬轉(zhuǎn)換:(Digital to Analog Convert, D/A) D/A轉(zhuǎn)換電路是模擬電路加上電子開關(guān)。D/A轉(zhuǎn)換電路的核心是一個(gè)運(yùn)算放大器。運(yùn)算放大器的特性:(Operation Amplifier) K->無窮大， V和->0 傳遞函數(shù)：V0 = -Vi * R0/Ri Ii->0, I和=If梯形R-2R電阻網(wǎng)絡(luò)D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器Ki受一個(gè)8位二進(jìn)制代碼控制 某位為1，對(duì)應(yīng)開關(guān)K倒向右邊； 某位為0，對(duì)應(yīng)開關(guān)K倒向左邊。Ki不論倒向哪邊，均為接地VA-VH 的電位為： VREF，1/2VREF，..1/128VREFVO= -VREF *（1/2K7+1/4K6+…+1/256K0）V0= -（0-255/256）VREF 8位D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC0830系列器件國(guó)家半導(dǎo)體公司（NS)產(chǎn)品，0830、0831、0832。R-2R梯形電阻網(wǎng)絡(luò)D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器，雙緩沖結(jié)構(gòu)。單電源、低功耗、電流建立時(shí)間1uS。與微計(jì)算機(jī)接口方便。8位D/A轉(zhuǎn)換器DAC0830系列器件ILE： 輸入鎖存允許； WR1#： 加載IN REG； WR2#: 加載DAC REG； XFER#: IN REG傳到DAC REG； Iout1,Iout2: 外接OA輸入； Rfb: 反饋電阻接OA輸出； VREF： 參考電源，控制輸出電壓變化范圍。
標(biāo)簽： AD轉(zhuǎn)換
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-16
上傳用戶：lu2767
51單片機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)步進(jìn)電機(jī)(含電路圖和源程序代碼） 源程序:stepper.c stepper.hex /* * STEPPER.C * sweeping stepper's rotor cw and cww 400 steps * Copyright (c) 1999 by W.Sirichote */ ＃i nclude c:\mc5151io.h /* include i/o header file */ ＃i nclude c:\mc5151reg.h register unsigned char j,flag1,temp; register unsigned int cw_n,ccw_n; unsigned char step[8]={0x80,0xc0,0x40,0x60,0x20,0x30,0x10,0x90} #define n 400 /* flag1 mask byte 0x01 run cw() 0x02 run ccw() */
標(biāo)簽： 51單片機(jī) 驅(qū)動(dòng) 步進(jìn)電機(jī) C語言
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-09
上傳用戶：釣鰲牧馬
PIC系列單片機(jī)手冊(cè) 第1 章 簡(jiǎn)介 1-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 1-2本手冊(cè)的宗旨 ................................................................................................................................................... 1-3器件結(jié)構(gòu) .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-4開發(fā)支持 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-6器件種類 .......................................................................................................................................................... 1-7格式和符號(hào)的約定 ......................................................................................................................................... 1-12相關(guān)文檔 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-14相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 1-17版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 1-18第2 章 振蕩器 2-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 2-2振蕩器配置 ...................................................................................................................................................... 2-2晶體振蕩器 / 陶瓷諧振器 ................................................................................................................................. 2-4外部RC 振蕩器 ............................................................................................................................................. 2-124MHz 內(nèi)部 RC 振蕩器 ................................................................................................................................... 2-13休眠模式對(duì)片內(nèi)振蕩器的影響 ........................................................................................................................ 2-17器件復(fù)位對(duì)片內(nèi)振蕩器的影響 ........................................................................................................................ 2-17設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-18相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 2-19版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 2-20第3 章 復(fù)位 3-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 3-2上電復(fù)位、上電延時(shí)定時(shí)器、 起振定時(shí)器、欠壓復(fù)位和奇偶校驗(yàn)錯(cuò)誤復(fù)位 ...................................................... 3-4寄存器和狀態(tài)位的值 ...................................................................................................................................... 3-10設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-16相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 3-17版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 3-18 第4 章 架構(gòu) 4-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 4-2時(shí)序圖/ 指令周期 ............................................................................................................................................ 4-5指令流/ 流水線 ................................................................................................................................................ 4-6I/O 端口描述 .................................................................................................................................................... 4-7設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-12相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 4-13版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 4-14 第5 章 CPU 和ALU 5-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 5-2指令的一般格式 ............................................................................................................................................... 5-4中央處理單元（CPU） .................................................................................................................................... 5-4指令時(shí)鐘 .......................................................................................................................................................... 5-4算術(shù)邏輯單元（ALU） .................................................................................................................................... 5-5狀態(tài)寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 5-6OPTION_REG 寄存器 ..................................................................................................................................... 5-8電源控制寄存器 ............................................................................................................................................... 5-9設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-10相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 5-11版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 5-12第6 章 存儲(chǔ)器構(gòu)成 6-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 6-2程序存儲(chǔ)器構(gòu)成 ............................................................................................................................................... 6-2數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器構(gòu)成 ............................................................................................................................................... 6-8初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 6-14設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-16相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 6-17版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 6-18第7 章 數(shù)據(jù)EEPROM 7-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 7-2控制寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 7-3EEADR ............................................................................................................................................................ 7-4EECON1 和EECON2 寄存器 .......................................................................................................................... 7-4從EEPROM 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器中讀數(shù)據(jù) .................................................................................................................... 7-5向EEPROM 數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)器中寫數(shù)據(jù) .................................................................................................................... 7-5寫校驗(yàn) ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-6誤寫操作保護(hù) ................................................................................................................................................... 7-7代碼保護(hù)配置下的數(shù)據(jù)EEPROM 操作 ............................................................................................................. 7-7初始化 ............................................................................................................................................................. 7-7設(shè)計(jì)技巧 .......................................................................................................................................................... 7-8相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................... 7-9版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 7-10第8 章 中斷 8-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 8-2控制寄存器 ...................................................................................................................................................... 8-5中斷響應(yīng)延時(shí) ................................................................................................................................................. 8-10INT 和外部中斷 .............................................................................................................................................. 8-10中斷的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)保護(hù) ............................................................................................................................................. 8-11初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 8-14設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-16相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 8-17版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 8-18第9 章 I/O 端口 9-1簡(jiǎn)介 ................................................................................................................................................................. 9-2PORTA 和TRISA 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-4PORTB 和TRISB 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-6PORTC 和TRISC 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-8PORTD 和TRISD 寄存器 ................................................................................................................................ 9-9PORTE 和TRISE 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-10PORTF 和 TRISF 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-11PORTG 和TRISG 寄存器 .............................................................................................................................. 9-12GPIO 和TRISGP 寄存器 ............................................................................................................................... 9-13I/O 編程注意事項(xiàng) ........................................................................................................................................... 9-14初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 9-16設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-17相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 9-19版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 9-20第10 章 并行從動(dòng)端口 10-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 10-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 10-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 10-4休眠模式下的操作 ......................................................................................................................................... 10-5復(fù)位的影響 .................................................................................................................................................... 10-5PSP 波形 ....................................................................................................................................................... 10-5設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-6相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 10-7版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 10-8 第11 章 TIMER0 11-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 11-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11-4TMR0 中斷 .................................................................................................................................................... 11-5Timer0 外部時(shí)鐘的使用 ................................................................................................................................. 11-6TMR0 的預(yù)分頻器 ......................................................................................................................................... 11-7設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 11-10相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 11-11版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 11-12第12 章 TIMER1 12-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 12-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 12-3Timer1 工作在定時(shí)器模式 ..............................................................................................................................12-4Timer1 工作在同步計(jì)數(shù)器模式 ....................................................................................................................... 12-4Timer1 工作在異步計(jì)數(shù)器模式 ....................................................................................................................... 12-5Timer1 振蕩器 ............................................................................................................................................... 12-7休眠操作 ........................................................................................................................................................ 12-9用CCP 觸發(fā)器的輸出將Timer1 復(fù)位 ............................................................................................................. 12-9Timer1 寄存器（TMR1H:TMR1L）的復(fù)位 .................................................................................................... 12-9Timer1 預(yù)分頻器 ............................................................................................................................................ 12-9初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 12-10設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12-12相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 12-13版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 12-14第13 章 TIMER2 13-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 13-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 13-3定時(shí)器時(shí)鐘源 ................................................................................................................................................. 13-4定時(shí)器TMR2 和PR2 周期寄存器 .................................................................................................................. 13-4TMR2 匹配輸出 ............................................................................................................................................. 13-4將Timer2 的預(yù)分頻器和后分頻器清零 ........................................................................................................... 13-4休眠操作 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-4初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 13-5設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-6相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 13-7版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 13-8第14 章 比較/ 捕捉/ 脈寬調(diào)制(CCP) 14-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 14-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 14-3捕捉模式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14-4比較模式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 14-6PWM 模式 ..................................................................................................................................................... 14-8初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 14-12設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-15相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 14-17版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 14-18第15 章 同步串行口（SSP） 15-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 15-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 15-3SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 15-6SSP 模塊的I2CTM 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 15-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 15-26設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15-28相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 15-29版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 15-30第16 章 基本同步串行口（BSSP） 16-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 16-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 16-3SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 16-6SSP 模塊 的I2CTM 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 16-15初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 16-23設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-24相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 16-25版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 16-26第17 章 主同步串行口（MSSP） 17-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 17-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 17-4SPITM 模式 .................................................................................................................................................... 17-9SSP 模塊的 I2C™ 操作 ............................................................................................................................... 17-18I2CTM 總線的連接注意事項(xiàng) ........................................................................................................................... 17-56初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 17-57設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17-58相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 17-59版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 17-60第18 章 USART 18-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 18-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 18-3USART 波特率發(fā)生器（BRG） ..................................................................................................................... 18-5USART 異步工作模式 ................................................................................................................................... 18-8USART 同步主控模式 .................................................................................................................................. 18-15USART 同步從動(dòng)模式 ................................................................................................................................. 18-19初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 18-21設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18-22相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 18-23版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 18-24第19 章 參考電壓模塊 19-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 19-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 19-3配置參考電壓 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-4參考電壓精度 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-5休眠模式下的操作 ......................................................................................................................................... 19-5復(fù)位的影響 .................................................................................................................................................... 19-5連接注意事項(xiàng) ................................................................................................................................................. 19-6初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 19-7設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ........................................................................................................................................................ 19-8相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ................................................................................................................................................. 19-9版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 19-10第20 章 比較器 20-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 20-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-3設(shè)置比較器模式 ............................................................................................................................................. 20-4比較器工作原理 ............................................................................................................................................. 20-6比較器參考源 ................................................................................................................................................. 20-6比較器的響應(yīng)時(shí)間 ......................................................................................................................................... 20-8比較器輸出 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-8比較器中斷 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-9休眠狀態(tài)下比較器的操作 ............................................................................................................................... 20-9復(fù)位的影響 .................................................................................................................................................... 20-9模擬輸入連接方式注意事項(xiàng) .......................................................................................................................... 20-10初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 20-11設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-12相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 20-13版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 20-14第21 章 8 位A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 21-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 21-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21-5A/D 采集時(shí)間要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 21-6A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)鐘的選擇 ...................................................................................................................................... 21-8配置模擬輸入端口 ......................................................................................................................................... 21-9A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-10休眠期間的A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ................................................................................................................................... 21-12A/D 精度/ 誤差 ............................................................................................................................................ 21-13復(fù)位對(duì)A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換的影響 ................................................................................................................................ 21-13CCP 觸發(fā)器的使用 ...................................................................................................................................... 21-14連接注意事項(xiàng) ............................................................................................................................................... 21-14傳遞函數(shù) ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-14初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 21-15設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-16相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 21-17版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 21-18第22 章 基本型8 位A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 22-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 22-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 22-3A/D 采集時(shí)間要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 22-6A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)鐘的選擇 ...................................................................................................................................... 22-8配置模擬輸入端口 ....................................................................................................................................... 22-10A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-11休眠期間的A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ................................................................................................................................... 22-14A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換精度/ 誤差 ..................................................................................................................................... 22-15復(fù)位對(duì)A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換的影響 ................................................................................................................................ 22-16連接時(shí)的考慮事項(xiàng) ....................................................................................................................................... 22-16傳遞函數(shù) ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 22-17設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-18相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 22-19版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 22-20第23 章 10 位A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 23-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 23-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 23-3操作 ............................................................................................................................................................... 23-5A/D 采集時(shí)間要求 .......................................................................................................................................... 23-6A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換時(shí)鐘的選擇 ...................................................................................................................................... 23-8模擬輸入引腳的設(shè)置 ...................................................................................................................................... 23-9A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換的編程舉例 .................................................................................................................................... 23-10休眠期間的A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換 ................................................................................................................................... 23-14復(fù)位對(duì)A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換的影響 ................................................................................................................................ 23-14A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換精度與誤差 .................................................................................................................................... 23-15連接時(shí)的考慮事項(xiàng) ....................................................................................................................................... 23-16傳遞函數(shù) ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-16初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 23-17設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-18相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 23-19版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 23-20第24 章 積分型A/D 轉(zhuǎn)換器 24-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 24-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 24-3轉(zhuǎn)換過程 ........................................................................................................................................................ 24-6其它模擬模塊 ............................................................................................................................................... 24-12校準(zhǔn)參數(shù) ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-13設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-14相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 24-15版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 24-16第25 章 LCD 25-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 25-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 25-3LCD 定時(shí) ....................................................................................................................................................... 25-6LCD 中斷 ..................................................................................................................................................... 25-12像素控制 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-13電壓發(fā)生器 .................................................................................................................................................. 25-15休眠模式下的操作 ....................................................................................................................................... 25-16復(fù)位的影響 .................................................................................................................................................. 25-17LCD 模塊的設(shè)置 .......................................................................................................................................... 25-17判別比 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-18LCD 電壓發(fā)生器 .......................................................................................................................................... 25-20對(duì)比度 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-22LCD 玻璃基板 .............................................................................................................................................. 25-22初始化 ......................................................................................................................................................... 25-23設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-24相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 25-25版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 25-26第26 章 看門狗定時(shí)器與休眠模式 26-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 26-2控制寄存器 .................................................................................................................................................... 26-3看門狗定時(shí)器（WDT）的操作 ....................................................................................................................... 26-4休眠省電模式 ................................................................................................................................................. 26-7初始化 ........................................................................................................................................................... 26-9設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26-10相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 26-11版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 26-12第27 章 器件配置位 27-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 27-2配置字位 ........................................................................................................................................................ 27-4編程校驗(yàn)/ 代碼保護(hù) ....................................................................................................................................... 27-8識(shí)別碼ID 的位置 ........................................................................................................................................... 27-9設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27-10相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 27-11版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 27-12第28 章 在線串行編程 28-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 28-2進(jìn)入在線串行編程模式 .................................................................................................................................. 28-3應(yīng)用電路 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-4編程器 ........................................................................................................................................................... 28-6編程環(huán)境 ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-6其它優(yōu)點(diǎn) ........................................................................................................................................................ 28-7PICmicro® OTP 型單片機(jī)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)編程 ............................................................................................................. 28-8FLASH 型 PICmicro® 單片機(jī)的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)編程 ...................................................................................................... 28-10設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28-12相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 28-13版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 28-14第29 章 指令集 29-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 29-2指令格式 ........................................................................................................................................................ 29-4作為源/ 目標(biāo)寄存器的特殊功能寄存器 ........................................................................................................... 29-6Q 周期操作 .................................................................................................................................................... 29-7指令描述 ........................................................................................................................................................ 29-8設(shè)計(jì)技巧 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-45相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 29-47版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 29-48第30 章 電氣規(guī)范 30-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 30-2絕對(duì)最大值 .................................................................................................................................................... 30-3器件選型表 .................................................................................................................................................... 30-4器件電壓規(guī)范 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-5器件電流特性 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-6輸入閾值電平 ................................................................................................................................................. 30-9I/O 電流特性 ................................................................................................................................................ 30-10輸出驅(qū)動(dòng)電壓 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-11I/O 引腳的容性負(fù)載 ..................................................................................................................................... 30-12數(shù)據(jù)EEPROM / 閃存 .................................................................................................................................. 30-13LCD ............................................................................................................................................................. 30-14比較器和參考電壓 ....................................................................................................................................... 30-15時(shí)序參數(shù)符號(hào) ............................................................................................................................................... 30-16外部時(shí)鐘時(shí)序波形圖和時(shí)序要求示例 ............................................................................................................ 30-17上電和復(fù)位時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ............................................................................................................... 30-19定時(shí)器Timer0 和Timer1 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ......................................................................................... 30-20CCP 的時(shí)序圖及要求 ................................................................................................................................... 30-21并行從動(dòng)端口 (PSP) 時(shí)序圖及要求 .............................................................................................................. 30-22SSP 和 MSSP SPITM 模式時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ....................................................................................... 30-23SSP I2CTM 模式時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ........................................................................................................ 30-27MSSP I2CTM 模式時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ..................................................................................................... 30-30USART/SCI 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ............................................................................................................. 30-328 位 A/D 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ................................................................................................................... 30-3410 位A/D 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ................................................................................................................. 30-36積分型A/D 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ............................................................................................................... 30-38LCD 時(shí)序波形圖及要求示例 ......................................................................................................................... 30-40相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 30-41版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 30-42第31 章 器件特性 31-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 31-2特性和電氣規(guī)范 ............................................................................................................................................. 31-2DC 和AC 特性圖表 ....................................................................................................................................... 31-2版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 31-22第32 章 開發(fā)工具 32-1簡(jiǎn)介 ............................................................................................................................................................... 32-2集成開發(fā)環(huán)境（IDE） ................................................................................................................................... 32-3MPLAB® 軟件語言支持 ................................................................................................................................. 32-6MPLAB® SIM 軟件模擬器 ............................................................................................................................... 32-8MPLAB® 硬件仿真器支持 ............................................................................................................................... 32-9MPLAB® 編程器支持 ................................................................................................................................... 32-10輔助工具 ...................................................................................................................................................... 32-11開發(fā)板 ......................................................................................................................................................... 32-12針對(duì)其它Microchip 產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)工具 ............................................................................................................ 32-14相關(guān)應(yīng)用筆記 ............................................................................................................................................... 32-15版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 32-16第33 章 代碼開發(fā) 33-1版本歷史 ........................................................................................................................................................ 33-2第34 章 附錄 34-1I2CTM 概述...................................................................................................................................................... 34-2LCD 玻璃基板生產(chǎn)商.................................................................................................................................... 34-11改進(jìn)的器件特性............................................................................................................................................ 34-13版本歷史....................................................................................................................................................... 34-19第35 章 術(shù)語表 35-1版本歷史 ...................................................................................................................................................... 35-14目錄
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：nanshan
我國(guó)的骨干通信網(wǎng)上的傳輸速率已經(jīng)向40 GB/s甚至是160 GB/s發(fā)展，傳輸線路以光纖作為主要的傳輸通道。與光纖相關(guān)的損耗和單模光纖的主要色散，即偏振模色散，不僅僅限制了光信號(hào)在通信過程中的傳輸距離，還很大程度上影響其通信容量。其中，偏振模色散對(duì)單模光纖高速和長(zhǎng)距離通信的影響尤為突出。因此應(yīng)現(xiàn)代光纖通信技術(shù)網(wǎng)的高速發(fā)展的需要，把當(dāng)前流行的FPGA技術(shù)應(yīng)用到單模光纖的偏振模色散的自適應(yīng)補(bǔ)償技術(shù)中，用硬件描述語言來實(shí)現(xiàn)，可以大大提高光纖的偏振模色散自適應(yīng)補(bǔ)償對(duì)實(shí)時(shí)性和穩(wěn)定性的要求。
標(biāo)簽： FPGA 偏振模 仿真 補(bǔ)償技術(shù)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：zhaiye
XAPP520將符合2.5V和3.3V I/O標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的7系列FPGA高性能I/O Bank進(jìn)行連接 The I/Os in Xilinx® 7 series FPGAs are classified as either high range (HR) or high performance (HP) banks. HR I/O banks can be operated from 1.2V to 3.3V, whereas HP I/O banks are optimized for operation between 1.2V and 1.8V. In circumstances that require an HP 1.8V I/O bank to interface with 2.5V or 3.3V logic, a range of options can be deployed. This application note describes methodologies for interfacing 7 series HP I/O banks with 2.5V and 3.3V systems
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-19
上傳用戶：yyyyyyyyyy
為滿足三維大地電磁勘探技術(shù)對(duì)多個(gè)采集站的同步需求，基于FPGA設(shè)計(jì)了一種晶振頻率校準(zhǔn)系統(tǒng)。系統(tǒng)可以調(diào)節(jié)各采集站的恒溫壓控晶體振蕩器同步于GPS，從而使晶振能夠輸出高準(zhǔn)確度和穩(wěn)定度的同步信號(hào)。系統(tǒng)中使用FPGA設(shè)計(jì)了高分辨率的時(shí)間間隔測(cè)量單元，達(dá)到0.121 ns的測(cè)量分辨率，能對(duì)晶振分頻信號(hào)與GPS秒脈沖信號(hào)的時(shí)間間隔進(jìn)行高精度測(cè)量，縮短了頻率校準(zhǔn)時(shí)間。同時(shí)在FPGA內(nèi)部使用PicoBlaze嵌入式軟核處理器監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)，并配合滑動(dòng)平均濾波法對(duì)測(cè)量得到的時(shí)間間隔數(shù)據(jù)實(shí)時(shí)處理，有效地抑制了GPS秒脈沖波動(dòng)對(duì)頻率校準(zhǔn)的影響。
標(biāo)簽： FPGA 恒溫晶振 頻率校準(zhǔn)
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-10-17
上傳用戶：xsnjzljj
摘要: 串行傳輸技術(shù)具有更高的傳輸速率和更低的設(shè)計(jì)成本, 已成為業(yè)界首選, 被廣泛應(yīng)用于高速通信領(lǐng)域。提出了一種新的高速串行傳輸接口的設(shè)計(jì)方案, 改進(jìn)了Aurora 協(xié)議數(shù)據(jù)幀格式定義的弊端, 并采用高速串行收發(fā)器Rocket I/O, 實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)率為2.5 Gbps的高速串行傳輸。關(guān)鍵詞: 高速串行傳輸; Rocket I/O; Aurora 協(xié)議 為促使FPGA 芯片與串行傳輸技術(shù)更好地結(jié)合以滿足市場(chǎng)需求, Xilinx 公司適時(shí)推出了內(nèi)嵌高速串行收發(fā)器RocketI/O 的Virtex II Pro 系列FPGA 和可升級(jí)的小型鏈路層協(xié)議———Aurora 協(xié)議。Rocket I/O支持從622 Mbps 至3.125 Gbps的全雙工傳輸速率, 還具有8 B/10 B 編解碼、時(shí)鐘生成及恢復(fù)等功能, 可以理想地適用于芯片之間或背板的高速串行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸。Aurora 協(xié)議是為專有上層協(xié)議或行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的上層協(xié)議提供透明接口的第一款串行互連協(xié)議, 可用于高速線性通路之間的點(diǎn)到點(diǎn)串行數(shù)據(jù)傳輸, 同時(shí)其可擴(kuò)展的帶寬, 為系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)人員提供了所需要的靈活性[4]。但該協(xié)議幀格式的定義存在弊端,會(huì)導(dǎo)致系統(tǒng)資源的浪費(fèi)。本文提出的設(shè)計(jì)方案可以改進(jìn)Aurora 協(xié)議的固有缺陷,提高系統(tǒng)性能, 實(shí)現(xiàn)數(shù)據(jù)率為2.5 Gbps 的高速串行傳輸, 具有良好的可行性和廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。
標(biāo)簽： Rocket 2.5 高速串行 收發(fā)器
上傳時(shí)間： 2013-11-06
上傳用戶：smallfish
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