采用現場可編程門陣列(FPGA)可以快速實現數字電路，但是用于生成FPGA編程的比特流文件的CAD工具在編制大規模電路時常常需要數小時的時間，以至于許多設計者甚至通過在給定FPGA上采用更多的資源，或者以犧牲電路速度為代價來提高編制速度。電路編制過程中大部分時間花費在布線階段，因此有效的布線算法能極大地減少布線時間。 許多布線算法已經被開發并獲得應用，其中布爾可滿足性(SAT)布線算法及幾何查找布線算法是當前最為流行的兩種。然而它們各有缺點：基于SAT的布線算法在可擴展性上有很大缺陷；幾何查找布線算法雖然具有廣泛的拆線重布線能力，但當實際問題具有嚴格的布線約束條件時，它在布線方案的收斂方面存在很大困難。基于此，本文致力于探索一種能有效解決以上問題的新型算法，具體研究工作和結果可歸納如下。 1、在全面調查FPGA結構的最新研究動態的基礎上，確定了一種FPGA布線結構模型，即一個基于SRAM的對稱陣列(島狀)FPGA結構作為研究對象，該模型僅需3個適合的參數即能表示布線結構。為使所有布線算法可在相同平臺上運行，選擇了美國北卡羅來納州微電子中心的20個大規模電路作為基準，并在布線前采用VPR399對每個電路都生成30個布局，從而使所有的布線算法都能夠直接在這些預制電路上運行。 2、詳細研究了四種幾何查找布線算法，即一種基本迷宮布線算法Lee，一種基于協商的性能驅動的布線算法PathFinder，一種快速的時延驅動的布線算法VPR430和一種協商A
上傳時間： 2013-05-18
上傳用戶：ukuk
This document was developed under the Standard Hardware and Reliability Program (SHARP) TechnologyIndependent Representation of Electronic Products (TIREP) project. It is intended for use by VHSIC HardwareDescription Language (VHDL) design engineers and is offered as guidance for the development of VHDL modelswhich are compliant with the VHDL Data Item Description (DID DI-EGDS-80811) and which can be providedto manufacturing engineering personnel for the development of production data and the subsequent productionof hardware. Most VHDL modeling performed to date has been concentrated at either the component level orat the conceptual system level. The assembly and sub-assembly levels have been largely disregarded. Under theSHARP TIREP project, an attempt has been made to help close this gap. The TIREP models are based upon lowcomplexity Standard Electronic Modules (SEM) of the format A configuration. Although these modules are quitesimple, it is felt that the lessons learned offer guidance which can readily be applied to a wide range of assemblytypes and complexities.
上傳時間： 2014-12-23
上傳用戶：xinhaoshan2016
Most circuit designers are familiar with diode dynamiccharacteristics such as charge storage, voltage dependentcapacitance and reverse recovery time. Less commonlyacknowledged and manufacturer specifi ed is diode forwardturn-on time. This parameter describes the timerequired for a diode to turn on and clamp at its forwardvoltage drop. Historically, this extremely short time, unitsof nanoseconds, has been so small that user and vendoralike have essentially ignored it. It is rarely discussed andalmost never specifi ed. Recently, switching regulator clockrate and transition time have become faster, making diodeturn-on time a critical issue. Increased clock rates aremandated to achieve smaller magnetics size; decreasedtransition times somewhat aid overall effi ciency but areprincipally needed to minimize IC heat rise. At clock speedsbeyond about 1MHz, transition time losses are the primarysource of die heating.
上傳時間： 2013-10-10
上傳用戶：誰偷了我的麥兜
The MAX2691 low-noise amplifier (LNA) is designed forGPS L2 applications. Designed in Maxim’s advancedSiGe process, the device achieves high gain andlow noise figure while maximizing the input-referred 1dBcompression point and the 3rd-order intercept point. TheMAX2691 provides a high gain of 17.5dB and sub 1dBnoise figure.
標簽： Amplifier Low-Noise 2691 Band
上傳時間： 2014-12-04
上傳用戶：zaocan888
One of the most critical components in a step-up design like Figure 1 is the transformer. Transformers have parasitic components that can cause them to deviate from their ideal characteristics, and the parasitic capacitance associated with the secondary can cause large resonating current spikes on the leading edge of the switch current waveform.
上傳時間： 2013-11-22
上傳用戶：15070202241
Abstract: Stuxnet, a sophisticated virus that damaged Iran's nuclear capability, should be an eye openerfor the world. We can choose to learn something very narrow (how to combat the Stuxnet virus) or wecan choose to focus on the larger goal of thwarting the next type of creative cyber attack. Unfortunately,critical industrial infrastructure is not currently designed with security as a key goal, leaving open multipleavenues for an educated and funded attacker to create massive problems. This tutorial outlines somebasic concepts that engineers and product definers should consider to make sure their new projects stayahead of future threats.
上傳時間： 2013-11-17
上傳用戶：llwap
Abstract: Investment in smart meters and smart grid end equipment continues to grow worldwide as countriestry to make their electric delivery systems more efficient. However, as critical as the electric deliveryinfrastructure is, it is normally not secured and thus subject to attack. This article describes the concept oflife-cycle security—the idea that embedded equipment in the smart grid must have security designed into theentire life of the product, even back to the contract manufacturer. We also talk about how life-cycle securityapplies to embedded equipment in the smart grid. Potential threats are discussed, as are potential solutionsto mitigate the risks posed by those threats.
上傳時間： 2014-12-24
上傳用戶：熊少鋒
為了改變目前電網現場作業管理的變電巡檢、變電檢修試驗、輸電線路巡檢檢修等管理系統各自獨立運行，信息不能共享，功能、效率受限，建設和維護成本高的現狀，提出了采用B/S+C/S構架模式，將各現場作業管理模塊和生產MIS（管理系統）集成為一體的現場作業管理系統的設計方案，做到各子系統和生產MIS軟硬資源共享，做到同一數據唯一入口、一處錄入多處使用。各子系統設備人員等基礎信息來源于生產管理系統，各子系統又是生產管理系統的作業數據、缺陷信息的重要來源。經過研究試用成功和推廣應用，目前該系統已在江西電網220 kV及以上變電站全面應用。 Abstract: In order to improve the status that the substation field inspection system， substation equipments maintenance and testing system， power-line inspection and maintenance system are running independent with each other. They can?蒺t share the resource information which accordingly constrains their functions and efficiency， and their construction and maintenance costs are high. This paper introduces a field standardized work management system based on B/S+C/S mode， integrating all field work management systems based on MIS and share the equipments and employee?蒺s data of MIS，the field work data of the sub systems are the source information of MIS， by which the same single data resouce with one-time input can be utilized in multiple places. After the research and testing， this system is triumphantly using in all 220kV and above substations in Jiangxi grid.
上傳時間： 2013-11-15
上傳用戶：han_zh
顯卡所處理的信息最終都要輸出到顯示器上，顯卡的輸出接口就是電腦不顯示器之間的橋梁，它負責向顯示器輸出相應的圖像信號。CRT顯示器因為設計制造上的原因，只能接受模擬信號輸入，這就需要顯卡能輸入模擬信號。VGA接口就是顯卡上輸出模擬信號的接口，VGA（Video Graphics Array）接口，也叫D-Sub接口。雖然液晶顯示器可以直接接收數字信號，但為了兼容性，大多數液晶顯示器也配備了VGA接口。 VGA是IBM在1987年隨PS／2機一起推出的一種視頻傳輸標準，具有分辨率高、顯示速率快、顏色豐富等優點，在彩色顯示器領域得到了廣泛的應用。目前VGA技術的應用還主要基亍VGA顯示卡的計算機、筆記本等設備。 根據分辨率丌同，VGA分為VGA（640x480）、SVGA（800x600）、XGA（1024x768）、SXGA（1280x1024）等。
上傳時間： 2013-10-22
上傳用戶：macarco
Important Notice SUNPLUS INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY INC. reserves the right to change this documentation without prior notice. Information provided by SUNPLUS INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY INC. is believed to be accurate and reliable. However, SUNPLUS INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY INC.makes no warranty for any errors which may appear in this document. Contact SUNPLUS INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY INC.to obtain the latest version of device specifications before placing your order. No responsibility is assumed by SUNPLUS INNOVATION TECHNOLOGY INC. for any infringement of patent or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. In addition, SUNPLUSIT products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support systems or aviation systems, where a malfunction or failure of the product may reasonably be expected to result in significant injury to the user, without the express written approval of SunplusIT
標簽： SUNPLUSIT Q-Writer 編程工具 使用說明書
上傳時間： 2013-10-13
上傳用戶：brain kung
