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一 反激式電源中的鐵氧體磁放大器
對于兩個輸出端都提供實際功率(5 V 2 A 和 12 V 3 A，兩者都可實現± 5%調節)的雙路輸出反激式電源來說，當電壓達到 12 V 時會進入零負載狀態，而無法在 5%限度內進行調節。線性穩壓器是一個可實行的解決方案，但由于價格昂貴且會降低效率，仍不是理想的解決方案。我們建議的解決方案是在 12 V 輸出端使用一個磁放大器，即便是反激式拓撲結構也可使用。
為了降低成本，建議使用鐵氧體磁放大器。然而，鐵氧體磁放大器的控制電路與傳統的矩形磁滯回線材料(高磁導率材料)的控制電路有所不用。鐵氧體的控制電路(D1 和 Q1)可吸收電流以便維持輸出端供電。該電路已經過全面測試。變壓器繞組設計為 5 V 和 13 V 輸出。該電路在實現 12 V 輸出± 5%調節的同時，甚至還可以達到低于 1 W 的輸入功率(5 V 300 mW和12V零負載)
針對TI公司最新發布的TMS320C6678 DSP設計出一種實用有效的電源。采用統一的12 V電源供電，制作出滿足電壓幅值要求與時序要求的開關電源。該設計主要由各類電源轉換電路組成，并通過使用Fusion Digital Power Designer軟件對電源芯片進行編程。仿真結果表明，該電源工作穩定，各方面的參數均符合要求。
鎖定放大是微弱信號檢測的重要手段。基于相關檢測理論，利用開關電容的開關實現鎖定放大器中乘法器的功能，提出開關電容和積分器相結合以實現相關檢測的方法，并設計出一種鎖定放大器。該鎖定放大器將微弱信號轉化為與之相關的方波，通過后續電路得到正比于被測信號的直流電平，為后續采集處理提供方便。測量數據表明鎖定放大器前級可將10-6 A的電流轉換為10-1 V的電壓，后級通過帶通濾波器級聯可將信號放大1×105倍。該方法在降低噪聲的同時，可對微弱信號進行放大，線性度較高、穩定性較好。
Abstract:
Lock-in Amplifying（LIA）is one of important means for weak signal detection. Based on cross-correlation detection theory， switch in the swithched capacitor was used as multiplier of LIA， and a new method of correlation detection was proposed combining swithched capacitor with integrator. A kind of LIA was designed which can convert the weak signal to square-wave， then DC proportional to measured signal was obtained through follow-up conditioning circuit， providing convenience for signal acquisition and processing. The measured data shows that the electric current（10-6 A） can be changed into voltage（10-1 V） by LIA， and the signal is magnified 1×105 times by cascade band-pass filter. The noise is suppressed and the weak signal is amplified. It has the advantages of good linearity and stability.
When a system designer specifies a nonisolated dc/dc powermodule, considering the needed input voltage range isequally as important as considering the required performanceattributes and features. Generally, nonisolated moduleshave either a narrow or a wide input voltage range. Narrowinputmodules typically have a nominal input voltage of3.3, 5, or 12 V. For systems that operate from a tightlyregulated input bus—such as those that do not use batterybackup—a narrow-input module is often adequate sincethe input remains fairly stable.Offering greater flexibility, wide-input modules operatewithin a range of 7 to 36 V, which includes the popular12- or 24-V industrial bus. This enables a single module tobe used for generating multiple voltages. These modulesare ideal for industrial controls, HVAC systems, vehicles,medical instrumentation, and other applications that usea loosely regulated distribution bus. In addition, systemspowered by a rectifier/battery charger with lead-acidbattery backup almost always require wide-input modules.System designers who choose power supplies may wantto take a close look at the latest generation of wide-inputdc/dc modules.
