This book provides technical information about all aspects of 3GPP LTE. The areas
covered range from basic concepts to research-grade material, including future
directions. The book captures the current state of 3GPP LTE technology and serves
as a source of comprehensive reference material on this subject. It has a total of
12 chapters authored by 50 experts from around the world. The targeted audi-
ence includes professionals who are designers or planners for 3GPP LTE systems,
researchers (faculty members and graduate students), and those who would like to
learn about this field.
This book describes the applications of the fundamental interactions of
electromagnetic waves and materials as described in the preceding volume, “Basic
Electromagnetism and Materials”. It is addressed to students studying masters or
doctorate courses in electronics, electromagnetism, applied physics, materials
physics, or chemical physics. In particular, this volume analyzes the behavior of
materials in the presence of an electromagnetic field and related applications in the
fields of electronics, optics, and materials physics.
A series of features makes the mobile telecommunications industry an
interesting field of investigation for economists: the industry is experi-
encing veryfastmarketgrowthcombinedwithrapidtechnological change;
regulatory design in setting market structure is playing a very important
role; and oligopolistic competition is unfolding under various forms. The
number of subscribers to mobile networks is growing at a rapid rate on a
worldwide basis, as shown in figure 1.1.
The field of digital communication has evolved rapidly in the past few
decades, with commercial applications proliferating in wireline communi-
cation networks (e.g., digital subscriber loop, cable, fiber optics), wireless
communication (e.g., cell phones and wireless local area networks), and stor-
age media (e.g., compact discs, hard drives). The typical undergraduate and
graduate student is drawn to the field because of these applications, but is
often intimidated by the mathematical background necessary to understand
communication theory.
The writing of this book was prompted by two main developments in wireless
communications in the past decade. First is the huge surge of research activities in
physical-layer wireless communication theory. While this has been a subject of study
since the 60’s, recent developments in the field, such as opportunistic and multi-input
multi-output (MIMO) communication techniques, have brought completely new per-
spectives on how to communicate over wireless channels.
Since the principle of multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) was
simultaneously proposed by Khaled Fazel et al. and Nathan Yee et al. at the IEEE
International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications
(PIMRC) in the year 1993, multi-carrier spread spectrum (MC-SS) has rapidly become
one of the most wide spread independent research topics on the field of mobile radio
communications. Therefore, the International Workshop on Multi-Carrier Spread
Spectrum (MC-SS) was initiated in the year 1997. Multi-carrier and spread spectrum
systems with their generic air interface and adaptive technologies are considered as
potential candidates to fulfill the requirements of next generation mobile communications
systems.
Notwithstanding its infancy, wireless mesh networking (WMN) is a hot and
growing field. Wireless mesh networks began in the military, but have since
become of great interest for commercial use in the last decade, both in local
area networks and metropolitan area networks. The attractiveness of mesh
networks comes from their ability to interconnect either mobile or fixed
devices with radio interfaces, to share information dynamically, or simply to
extend range through multi-hopping.
The continuing vitality of spread-spectrum communication systems and the devel-
opment of new mathematical methods for their analysis provided the motivation to
undertake this new edition of the book. This edition is intended to enable readers
to understand the current state-of-the-art in this field. Almost twenty percent of the
materialinthiseditionisnew, includingseveralnewsections, anewchapteronadap-
tive arrays and filters, and a new chapter on code-division multiple-access networks.